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  • Apocalypse page 1
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  • St. Catherine of Siena
  • Daniel Chapter 9 & 7

Adam & Eve, 0 AM (4174 BC)

Adam and Eve

Bible Chronology by Christopher Fleischman // most recent update 2/19/2025.


This Chronology uses the exact dates given in the Douay-Rheims Bible 

 Douay-Rheims Bible Online, Official Catholic Version with Search. (drbo.org) 


By doing so, we will discover that in the book of Kings, there will be a few instances that Israel did not have an official king.


God the Almighty created Adam in the 0th year of Adam. We will use the label AM to represent "In the year of Adam". Hence God created Adam in the year 0 AM. 


In order to convert AM (In the year of Adam), to BC (before Christ) we will use the date when the Assyrian army captured Samaria. 


This occurred in the year 720 BC based on the "Sennacherib's Prism", a hexagonal shaped, red baked clay artifact. On it is written a description of Sennacherib's siege of Jerusalem during the reign of king Hezekiah. It was discovered in the ruins of Nineveh in 1830 and is now located at the Oriental Institute in Chicago Illinois USA.


According to Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_siege_of_Jerusalem

" In 720 BCE, the Assyrian army captured Samaria, the capital of the northern Kingdom of Israel, and carried away many Israelites into captivity. "


We will discover later on when we give the dates of the Kings of Israel and Juda, that the year 0 AM is equivalent to the year 4174 BC.


We assume, of course, that the Bible is totally accurate in all respects, which implies that there were times when there was not an established king as there were also times when there were no judges.


Adam was created in the year 0 AM (4174 BC)

Genesis 5:3 "And Adam lived a hundred and thirty years, and begot a son to his own image and likeness, and called his name Seth. "

Genesis 5:5 " And all the time that Adam lived came to nine hundred and thirty years, and he died."

Adam lived 930 years.


Seth was born in the year 130 AM (4044 BC)

Genesis 5:6 "Seth also lived a hundred and five years, and begot Enos." 

Genesis 5:8 " And all the days of Seth were nine hundred and twelve years, and he died."

Seth lived 912 years.


Enos was born in the year 235 AM (3939 BC)

Genisis 5:9: "And Enos lived ninety years, and begot Cainan." 

Genesis 5:11 " And all the days of Enos were nine hundred and five years, and he died."

Enos lived 905 years.


Cainan was born in the year 325 AM (3849 BC)

Genesis 5:12 "And Cainan lived seventy years, and begot Malaleel." 

Genesis 5:14 " And all the days of Cainan were nine hundred and ten years, and he died."

Cainan lived 910 years.


Malaleel was born in the year 395 AM (3779 BC)

Genesis 5:15 "And Malaleel lived sixty-five years, and begot Jared." 

Genesis 5:17 " And all the days of Malaleel were eight hundred and ninety-five years, and he died."

Malaleel lived 895 years.


Jaren was born in the year 460 AM (3714 BC)

Genesis 5:18 "And Jared lived a hundred and sixty-two years, and begot Henoch." 

Genesis 5:20 " And all the days of Jared were nine hundred and sixty-two years, and he died."

Jaren lived 962 years.


Henoch was born in the year 622 AM (3552 BC)

Genesis 5 21 "And Henoch lived sixty-five years, and begot Mathusala. " 

Genesis 5:23 " And all the days of Henoch were three hundred and sixty-five years."

Genesis 5:24 " And he walked with God, and was seen no more: because God took him.


Mathusala was born in the year 687 AM (3487 BC)

Genesis 5:25 "And Mathusala lived a hundred and eighty-seven years, and begot Lamech." 

Genesis 5:27 " And all the days of Mathusala were nine hundred and sixty-nine years, and he died."

Mathusala lived 969 years.


Lamech was born in the year 874 AM (3300 BC)

Genesis 5:28 "And Lamech lived a hundred and eighty-two years, and begot a son. [29] And he called his name Noe, saying: This same shall comfort us from the works and labours of our hands on the earth, which the Lord hath cursed." 

Genesis 5:31 " And all the days of Lamech came to seven hundred and seventy-seven years, and he died. "

Lamech lived 777 years.


Noe was born in the year 1056 AM (3118 BC)

"Genesis 5:31 And all the days of Lamech came to seven hundred and seventy-seven years, and he died. And Noe, when he was five hundred years old, begot Sem, Cham, and Japheth."

Genesis 9:29" And all his days were in the whole nine hundred and fifty years: and he died."

Noe lived 950 years.


This would suggest that perhaps Sem was born when Noe was exactly 500 years old; however, we will now prove that Noe was actually 502 years old when Sem was born.


Sem was 100 years old when he begot Arphaxad.

"Genesis 11:10 These are the generations of Sem: Sem was a hundred years old when he begot Arphaxad, two years after the flood." 

Genesis 11:11 " And Sem lived after he begot Arphaxad, five hundred years, and begot sons and daughters."

Sem lived 600 years.

 

Now the question is, when they say "two years after the flood" do they mean two years after the beginning of the flood, or two years after the end of the flood. We need to understand this, or we could be off by one year, since the flood lasted about a year. Fortunately, the Bible gives us the answer.


Genesis 7:11 "In the six hundredth year of the life of Noe, in the second month, in the seventeenth day of the month, all the fountains of the great deep were broken up, and the flood gates of heaven were opened: [12] And the rain fell upon the earth forty days and forty nights. [13] In the selfsame day Noe, and Sem, and Cham, and Japheth his sons: his wife, and the three wives of his sons with them, went into the ark:"


So, Noe was 600 years old at the beginning of the flood. Also note that Arphaxad, son of Sem had not been born yet.


Since Noe was born in 1056 AM, then the flood began in 600 + 1056 = 1656 

AM.


Noe's flood began in the year 1656 AM (2518 BC)


Noe was in the Ark for about one year as shown next.

Genesis 8:13 "Therefore in the six hundredth and first year, the first month, the first day of the month, the waters were lessened upon the earth, and Noe opening the covering of the ark, looked, and saw that the face of the earth was dried. [14] In the second month, the seven and twentieth day of the month, the earth was dried. [15] And God spoke to Noe, saying:  [16] Go out of the ark, thou and thy wife, thy sons, and the wives of thy sons with thee. [17] All living things that are with thee of all flesh, as well in fowls as in beasts, and all creeping things that creep upon the earth, bring out with thee, and go ye upon the earth: increase and multiply upon it. [18] So Noe went out, he and his sons: his wife, and the wives of his sons with him."


Again, note that Arphaxad had not been born yet, otherwise they would have mentioned that 9 people went out of the arc.


Genesis 9:28 "And Noe lived after the flood three hundred and fifty years: [29] And all his days were in the whole nine hundred and fifty years: and he died."


Since the flood began when Noe was 600 years old and since 600 + 350 = 950, this implies that when the Bible uses the words “after the flood” they actually mean after the flood first began (when the rain first began to fall), which was when Noe was 600 years old.


So now we can answer our question as to when Sem and Arphaxad was born. 


Genesis 11:10 "These are the generations of Sem: Sem was a hundred years old when he begot Arphaxad, two years after the flood." 


This means Sem was 100 years old, two years after the flood first began. Since Noe was 600 years old when the flood first began, then two years later, Noe would have been 602 years old. Hence 602 - 100 = 502. 


Hence Noe was 502 years old when Sem was born. Noe was born in 1056 AM, hence Sem was born in 502 + 1056AM = 1558 AM


Sem was born in the year 1558 AM (2616 BC)


So even though Genesis 5:31 may suggest Noe was 500 years old when Sem was born, Noe actually was 502 years as we just proved.

Genesis 5:31 "And all the days of Lamech came to seven hundred and seventy-seven years, and he died. And Noe, when he was five hundred years old, begot Sem, Cham, and Japheth. 


Genesis 11:10 "These are the generations of Sem: Sem was a hundred years old when he begot Arphaxad, two years after the flood." 


Since Sem was born in 1558 AM, then 100 + 1558 AM = 1658 AM


Arphaxad was born in the year 1658 AM (2516 BC)

Genesis 11:12 "And Arphaxad lived thirty-five years, and begot Sale. 13  And Arphaxad lived after he begot Sale, three hundred and three years; and begot sons and daughters."

Arphaxad lived 338 years. 


Sale was born in the year 1693 AM (2481 BC)

Genesis 11:14 "Sale also lived thirty years, and begot Heber. 15  And Sale lived after he begot Heber, four hundred and three years; and begot sons and daughters."

Sale lived 433 years. 


Heber was born in the year 1723 AM (2451 BC)

Genesis 11:16 "And Heber lived thirty-four years, and begot Phaleg.17  And Heber lived after he begot Phaleg, four hundred and thirty years: and begot sons and daughters."

Heber lived 464 years, 


Phaleg was born in the year 1757 AM (2417 BC) 

Genesis 11:18 "Phaleg also lived thirty years, and begot Reu. 19  And Phaleg lived after he begot Reu, two hundred and nine years, and begot sons and daughters. " 

Phaleg lived 239 years.


Reu was born in the year 1787 AM (2387 BC)

Genesis 11:20 "And Reu lived thirty-two years, and begot Sarug. 21  And Reu lived after he begot Sarug, two hundred and seven years, and begot sons and daughters."

Reu lived 239 years. 


Sarug was born in the year 1819 AM (2355 BC)

Genesis 11:22 "And Sarug lived thirty years, and begot Nachor. 23  And Sarug lived after he begot Nachor, two hundred years: and begot sons and daughters."

Sarug lived 230 years. 


Nachor was born in the year 1849 AM (2325 BC)

Genesis 11:24 "And Nachor lived nine and twenty years, and begot Thare. 25  And Nachor lived after he begot Thare, a hundred and nineteen years: and begot sons and daughters."

Nachor lived 148 years.


Thare was born in the year 1878 AM (2296 BC)

Genesis 11: 26 "And Thare lived seventy years, and begot Abram, and Nachor, and Aran" 

Genesis 11:32 "And the days of Thare were two hundred and five years, and he died in Haran."

Thare lived for 205 years.


Abraham or Abram's father Thare was about 70 when Abram was born. We will assume Thare was exactly 70 years old. 


Abraham was born in the year 1948 AM (2226 BC)

Deuteronomy 25:7 “And the days of Abraham's life were a hundred and seventy-five years.” 

Abraham lived 175 years.


Note in the year 1948 AD Israel became a state and the Jews for the first time since 70 AD came back to their homeland.


As a side note, about the time that Thare lived, so also did Job.

  

Job lived after the flood as shown in the following two passages:


Job 22:15 “Dost thou desire to keep the path of ages, which wicked men have trodden? 16 Who were taken away before their time, and a flood hath overthrown their foundation.


Job 26:5 “Behold the giants groan under the waters, and they that dwell with them.”


Job lived until he was at least 175 years of age. 


Job 42:16 “And Job lived after these things, a hundred and forty years, and he saw his children, and his children's children, unto the fourth generation, and he died an old man, and full of days.”


If we assume Job was only 20 years of age when his wife had her first child, and if we assume only 1 ½ years between each child, then Job would have been at least 35 years of age when his first family passed away. 


Job then lived another 140 years. So, Job would have lived at least 175 years and more likely at least 200 years when he passed away similar to Thare.


People did not live that long during Moses time. Moses passed away when he was 120 years of age.


Deuteronomy 34:7 “Moses was a hundred and twenty years old when he died: his eye was not dim, neither were his teeth moved.”


So, Job lived around Abraham’s father's time or a little earlier. The book of Job is found in the Israelites bible; however, Job was not part of Abraham’s lineage. So, how did the Israelites learn about Job? 


Perhaps, Job was the grandfather of Sarah, Abraham’s wife since in the Bible both Job’s daughters and Sarah were noted as being exceptionally beautiful.


Job 42:13 “And he had seven sons, and three daughters. 14 And he called the names of one Dies, and the name of the second Cassia, and the name of the third Cornustibil. 15 And there were not found in all the earth women so beautiful as the daughters of Job: and their father gave them inheritance among their brethren.”


Genesis 12:11 “And when he was near to enter into Egypt, he said to Sarai his wife: I know that thou art a beautiful woman:  12 And that when the Egyptians shall see thee, they will say: She is his wife: and they will kill me, and keep thee.  13 Say, therefore, I pray thee, that thou art my sister: that I may be well used for thee, and that my soul may live for thy sake.  14 And when Abram was come into Egypt, the Egyptians saw the woman that she was very beautiful.  15 And the princes told Pharao, and praised her before him: and the woman was taken into the house of Pharao.”


End of book of Job


We will now continue with Abraham.

Genesis 12:1 "And the Lord said to Abram: Go forth out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and out of thy father's house, and come into the land which I shall shew thee. [2] And I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and magnify thy name, and thou shalt be blessed. [3] I will bless them that bless thee, and curse them that curse thee, and IN THEE shall all the kindred of the earth be blessed: [4] So Abram went out as the Lord had commanded him, and Lot went with him: Abram was seventy-five years old when he went forth from Haran. [5] And he took Sarai his wife, and Lot his brother's son, and all the substance which they had gathered, and the souls which they had gotten in Haran: and they went out to go into the land of Chanaan." 


Abram (Abraham) went into the land of Chanann in the year 2023 AM (2151 BC)


Note: This is the year 2023 AD, which implies the Warning experience (Second Pentecost), where time will stop and everyone will have a min-judgement with our Lord Jesus Christ, could happen soon.


Genesis 21:3 "And Abraham called the name of his son, whom Sara bore him, Isaac. [4] And he circumcised him the eighth day, as God had commanded him, [5] When he was a hundred years old: for at this age of his father was Isaac born." 


Isaac was born in the year 2048 AM (2126 BC)

 

Genesis 25:26 "Isaac was threescore years old when the children were born unto him. [27] And when they were grown up, Esau became a skillful hunter, and a husbandman, but Jacob a plain man dwelt in tents."


One score year is 20 years as can be understood from President Lincoln's address, which he read on November 19, 1863.


"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal." 1863 - (4 x 20) +7 = 1776


Hence, threescore years is 3 x 20 = 60. Hence Isaac was 60 years of age when he begot Jacob.


Jacob was born in the year 2108 AM (2066 BC)


Genesis 37:1 "And Jacob dwelt in the land of Chanaan wherein his father sojourned.  2 And these are his generations: Joseph, when he was sixteen years old, was feeding the flock with his brethren, being but a boy: and he was with the sons of Bala and of Zelpha his father's wives: and he accused his brethren to his father of a most wicked crime."


Genesis 37:28 "And when the Madianite merchants passed by, they drew him out of the pit, and sold him to the Ismaelites, for twenty pieces of silver: and they led him into Egypt. 


Joseph interprets Pharao's dream (7 years of plenty followed by 7 years of famine)

 Genesis 41:26 " The seven beautiful kine, and the seven full ears, are seven years of plenty: and both contain the same meaning of the dream.  27 And the seven lean and thin kine that came up after them, and the seven thin ears that were blasted with the burning wind, are seven years of famine to come:  28 Which shall be fulfilled in this order:  29 Behold, there shall come seven years of great plenty in the whole land of Egypt:  30 After which shall follow other seven years of so great scarcity, that all the abundance before shall be forgotten: for the famine shall consume all the land, 31 And the greatness of the scarcity shall destroy the greatness of the plenty.


Genesis 41:46 "(Now he was thirty years old when he stood before king Pharao) and he went round all the countries of Egypt.  47 And the fruitfulness of the seven years came: and the corn being bound up into sheaves was gathered together into the barns of Egypt."


Jacob's son's went to Egypt a second time to obtain food during the famine.

Genesis 43:1 "In the mean time the famine was heavy upon all the land.  2 And when they had eaten up all the corn, which they had brought out of Egypt, Jacob said to his sons: Go again and buy us a little food."


Then Jacob and his sons were invited into Egypt by the King of Egypt (Pharao).


Genesis 47:5 "The king therefore said to Joseph: Thy father and thy brethren are come to thee. [6] The land of Egypt is before thee: make them dwell in the best place, and give them the land of Gessen. And if thou knowest that there are industrious men among them, make them rulers over my cattle. [7] After this Joseph brought in his father to the king, and presented him before him: and he blessed him. [8] And being asked by him: How many are the days of the years of thy life? [9] He answered: The days of my pilgrimage are a hundred and thirty years, few, and evil, and they are not come up to the days of the pilgrimage of my fathers. [10] And blessing the king, he went out.  11 But Joseph gave a possession to his father and his brethren in Egypt, in the best place of the land, in Ramesses, as Pharao had commanded." 


Genesis 47:28 "And he lived in it seventeen years: and all the days of his life came to a hundred and forty-seven years." 


Since, Jacob was 130 years of age when he entered Egypt during the famine, and since Jacob was born in the year 2108 AM, then:


Jacob was 130 years old when he and his sons entered Egypt in the year 2238 AM (1936 BC)


The famine continued even after Jacob with his sons entered Egypt.

Genesis 47:11 "But Joseph gave a possession to his father and his brethren in Egypt, in the best place of the land, in Ramesses, as Pharao had commanded.  12 And he nourished them, and all his father's house, allowing food to every one.  13 For in the whole world there was want of bread, and a famine had oppressed the land: more especially of Egypt and Chanaan.  14 Out of which he gathered up all the money for the corn which they bought, and brought it into the king's treasure.  15 And when the buyers wanted money, all Egypt came to Joseph, saying: Give us bread: why should we die in thy presence, having now no money." 


Since Jacob's sons went twice to Egypt to obtain food during the famine and since the famine continued after Jacob and his sons entered Egypt, then we will assume that after 3 years into the famine, Jacob and his sons entered Egypt. Since Jacob and his sons entered Egypt in the year 2238 AM, then the famine began 3 years before this:


Seven-year famine began in the year 2235 AM (1939 BC)


Since the seven-year famine was preceded by seven years of plenty then:


Seven years of plenty began in the year 2228 AM (1946 BC)


Since Joseph was 30 years at the beginning of the seven years of plenty:

Genesis 41:46 "(Now he was thirty years old when he stood before king Pharao) and he went round all the countries of Egypt.  47 And the fruitfulness of the seven years came: and the corn being bound up into sheaves was gathered together into the barns of Egypt."


Then Joseph was born in the year 2198 AM (1976 BC)


Since Joseph was approximately 16 years old when he was sold into slavery:

Genesis 37:1 "And Jacob dwelt in the land of Chanaan wherein his father sojourned.  2 And these are his generations: Joseph, when he was sixteen years old, was feeding the flock with his brethren, being but a boy.."


Then Joseph was sold into slavery in the year 2214 AM (1960 BC)


To determine which Pharao was King when Joseph was sold into slavery, we note that for a total of 430 years the children of Israel abode in Egypt.

 Exodus 12:40 "And the abode of the children of Israel that they made in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years." 


We also note that the Egyptians brought the Israelites under bondage and afflicted them for 400 years.

 Genesis 15:11 "And the fowls came down upon the carcasses, and Abram drove them away. [12] And when the sun was setting, a deep sleep fell upon Abram, and a great and darksome horror seized upon him. [13] And it was said unto him: Know thou beforehand that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land not their own, and they shall bring them under bondage, and afflict them four hundred years. [14] But I will judge the nation which they shall serve, and after this they shall come out with great substance. [15] And thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace, and be buried in a good old age."


Hence for only the first 30 years did the Israelites have peace in Egypt. Since, Jacob and his sons entered Egypt in the year 2238 AM, then:


Israelites have peace in Egypt from 2238 AM (1936 BC) to 2268 AM (1906 BC)


Then a new Pharao becomes ruler and places the Israelites under bondage:

Exodus 1:7 "The children of Israel increased, and sprung up into multitudes, and growing exceedingly strong they filled the land.  8 In the mean time there arose a new king over Egypt, that knew not Joseph:  9 And he said to his people: Behold the people of the children of Israel are numerous and stronger than we.  10 Come, let us wisely oppress them, lest they multiply: and if any war shall rise against us, join with our enemies, and having overcome us, depart out of the land.  11 Therefore he set over them masters of the works, to afflict them with burdens, and they built for Pharao cities of tabernacles, Phithom and Ramesses."


However, before the Israelites ever built Ramesses, the Bible already mentions that the Pharao gave land in Ramesses to the Israelites.


Genesis 47:11 "But Joseph gave a possession to his father and his brethren in Egypt, in the best place of the land, in Ramesses, as Pharao had commanded." 


Therefore, the city of Ramesses must have had a different name when the Israelites first moved into Egypt. This proves that the Israelites would change the name of cities in the Bible to the match the most current name.


Israelites are brought under bondage in Egypt in the year 2268 AM (1906 BC)


Since the Israelites were in Egypt for 430 years and since they entered in  2238 AM then:

 Exodus 12:40 "And the abode of the children of Israel that they made in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years." 


Israelites leave Egypt led by Moses in the year 2668 AM (1506 BC)


Since the city Ramesses was built in the 19th Dynasty by Pharao Ramesses II (1345-1279 BC), then the Israelites could not have built this city, but instead built the city Avaris.


So, the Israelites actually built Avaris. Avaris was later annexed and became part of Ramesses. It is well known by Bible scholars that the Hebrews would change the name of a town in their bible, if the town's name was later changed. This is why in Exodus 1:11 the Bible mentions Ramesses, when actually the Israelites built Avaris. 


Moses was 80 years old when he led the Israelites out of Egypt

Exodus 7:6 "And Moses and Aaron did as the Lord had commanded: so did they. [7] And Moses was eighty years old, and Aaron eighty-three, when they spoke to Pharao. [8] And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron: [9] When Pharao shall say to you, shew signs: thou shalt say to Aaron: Take thy rod, and cast it down before Pharao, and it shall be turned into a serpent." 


Hence Moses was born in the year 2588 AM (1586 BC)


Also from the Acts of the Apostles we learn that Moses was 40 years old when he left Egypt after killing an Egyptian. He was 80 years old when he led the Israelites out of Egypt and he was 120 years old when he died. 


Acts 7:23 "And when he was full forty years old, it came into his heart to visit his brethren, the children of Israel. [24] And when he had seen one of them suffer wrong, he defended him; and striking the Egyptian, he avenged him who suffered the injury. [25] And he thought that his brethren understood that God by his hand would save them; but they understood it not.  [26] And the day following, he shewed himself to them when they were at strife; and would have reconciled them in peace, saying: Men, ye are brethren; why hurt you one another? [27] But he that did the injury to his neighbour thrust him away, saying: Who hath appointed thee prince and judge over us? [28] What, wilt thou kill me, as thou didst yesterday kill the Egyptian? [29] And Moses fled upon this word, and was a stranger in the land of Madian, where he begot two sons. [30] And when forty years were expired, there appeared to him in the desert of mount Sina, an angel in a flame of fire in a bush."


Hence, Moses fled Egypt in the year 2628 AM (1546 BC)

To determine the Pharaohs, we consider the following article in Science in August 2004 that used radio carboning, quote:


 New Dates for Egypt's Pharaohs | Science | AAAS
" A team led by Christopher Bronk Ramsey of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom adopted a two-pronged strategy to get around radiocarbon's limitations. First, researchers searched museum collections around the world for plant remains directly associated with the reigns of particular kings or periods, often using offerings from pyramids where the kings were buried. The 211 plant samples were radiocarbon dated.Second, the team used a mathematical modeling approach called Bayesian statistics to compare the patterns in the radiocarbon and historical dates and come up with the most likely correlation between them. "


" As the researchers will report in tomorrow's issue of Science, they found that the Old Kingdom, which kicked off with Djoser's reign, began between 2691 and 2625 B.C.E. The New Kingdom, which starts with the reign of Ahmose, began between about 1570 and 1544 B.C.E. New Kingdom pharoah Rameses II, considered the greatest of the Egyptian kings by historians, clocks in between 1297 and 1273 B.C.E., and King Tut between 1353 to 1331 B.C.E."


" Yet the new study does not resolve all of the outstanding issues. In a Perspective accompanying the paper, archaeologist Hendrik Bruins of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel points out that one major controversy remains unresolved: the timing of the massive eruption of the volcanic island of Thera in the Aegean Sea, which transformed the history of the eastern Mediterranean and has important implications for understanding the relationship between Egypt and the Minoans, another powerful culture of the time. Previous radiocarbon dating suggests that the eruption took place at least 100 years before the New Kingdom began, which the new dating puts at no earlier than 1570 B.C.E. But radiocarbon and historical dating by University of Vienna archaeologist Manfred Bietak's team at Tell el-Dab'a in Egypt has concluded that the Thera eruption took place during the New Kingdom era.  Bietak says that although the new study is a "serious and innovative approach," the team's need to use Bayesian statistics to narrow its radiocarbon date ranges "expose[s] the weakness of radiocarbon chronology."


Therefore, the current Egyptian timeline may be off by 100 years. So, we are free to add up to a 100 years.


In our analysis, for the 12th Dynasty we will add 50 years to the current Egyptian timeline to be consistent with the Bible. 


Note from the 13th to the 17th Dynasty there is very little data for the dates of Pharaohs, so there could be further deviation. 


So, during for the 18th Dynasty we will add 66 years to the current Egyptian timeline to be consistent with the Bible. 


12th Egyptian Dynasty

We previously noted that Joseph was sold into slavery in the year 2214 AM (1960 BC). If we add 50 years to the current Egyptian timeline we discover that

Pharao Amenemhat II reigned from 1979-1945 BC


Hence, Joseph was sold into slavery during Pharao Amenemhat II reign.


We previously noted that the seven years of plenty began in the year 2228 AM (1946 BC). If we add 50 years to the current Egyptian timeline, we discover that Pharao Senusret II reigned from 1947-1928 BC.


Hence, the seven years of plenty began during Pharao Senusret II reign.


We also previously noted that the seven-year famine began in the year 2235 AM (1939 BC). Hence the famine ended on 1932 BC.


Hence, the seven-year famine began and ended during Pharao Senusret II reign.


Note: Pharao Senusret II also developed the Fayyum as a major agricultural resource during his reign. This supports that there may have been a famine during his reign.


We also previously noted that the Israelites had peace in Egypt from 2238 AM (1936 BC) to 2268 AM (1906 BC). If we add 50 years to the current Egyptian timeline, we discover that Pharao Amenemhat III reigned from 1910-1865 BC.


Hence, the Israelites had peace during Pharao Senusret II reign and 4 years into Pharao Amenemhat III reign, after which Amenemhat III afflicted them with burdens.


18th Egyptian Dynasty

We also previously noted that Moses was born in the year 2588 AM (1586 BC)

If we add 66 years to the current Egyptian timeline, we discover that Thutmose I reigned from 1586-1558 BC.


Hence, Moses was born at the beginning of Pharao Thutmose I reign.


We also previously noted that Moses fled Egypt in the year 2628 AM (1546 BC). If we add 66 years to the current Egyptian timeline, we discover that Pharao Thutmose II reigned from 1558-1545 BC.


Hence, Moses fled Egypt during Pharao Thutmose II reign.


Then a female Pharao Hatshepsut (daughter of Thutmose I), reigned from 1545-1524. This also works well with the Bible, which states that the daughter of Pharao, (Hatshepsut is the daughter of Thutmose I) drew Moses from the river.


Exodus 2:5 "And behold the daughter of Pharao came down to wash herself in the river: and her maids walked by the river's brink. And when she saw the basket in the sedges, she sent one of her maids for it: and when it was brought,

6 She opened it and seeing within it an infant crying, having compassion on it she said: This is one of the babes of the Hebrews.  7 And the child's sister said to her Shall I go and call to thee a Hebrew woman, to nurse the babe?  8 She answered: Go. The maid went and called her mother.  9 And Pharao's daughter said to her. Take this child and nurse him for me: I will give thee thy wages. The woman took, and nursed the child: and when he was grown up, she delivered him to Pharao's daughter.  10 And she adopted him for a son, and called him Moses, saying: Because I took him out of the water."


We also previously noted that the Israelites led by Moses leave Egypt in the year 2668 AM (1506 BC). If we add 66 years to the current Egyptian timeline, we discover that Thutmose III reigned from 1524 BC-1491 BC. 


Hence, the Israelites leave Egypt during Thutmose III reign.


Quote from wikipedia:  List of pharaohs - Wikipedia 

" Thutmose III : Son of Thutmose II. May have ruled jointly with Hatshepsut, his aunt and step-mother, during the early part of her reign. Famous for his territorial expansion into the Levant and Nubia. Under his reign, the Ancient Egyptian Empire was at its greatest extent. Ruled during the height of Egypt's Power. Before the end of his reign, he obliterated Hatshepsut's name and image from temples and monuments." 


This supports the Bible, because after God brought many plagues upon Egypt, Thutmose III's soldiers drowned in the Red Sea, and after Thutmose III lost all of his Jewish slaves, he very likely would have removed all history of the Israelites, including the daughter of the Pharao, Hatshepsut, that raised Moses as her own son. 


This also explains why almost all of the history of the Egyptian pharaohs from the 13th to the 17th Dynasty cannot be found. This is exactly during the 400 years of bondage of the Israelites in Egypt.


From wikipedia:  List of pharaohs - Wikipedia  

Amenhotep II reigned from 1491 – 1466 BC, son of Thutmose III.


Then Thutmose IV reigned from 1466 – 1456 BC son of Amenhotep II. The year 1466 BC was also the year the Israelites entered their promise land and began conquering the Canaanites.


Then Amenhotep III reigned from 1456 – 1418 BC son of Thutmose IV. He obviously learned from his father about the Jews conquering Chanaan and also learned about their Mighty God who parted the Red Sea and destroyed the Egyptian army. Amenhotep III began worshipping a solar deity called Aten as explained by quote from Wikipedia Aten - Wikipedia


“Aten was extensively worshipped as a solar deity during the reign of Amenhotep III where it was depicted as a falcon-headed god like Ra. While Aten was the preeminent creator deity of a pantheon of ancient Egyptian gods under Amenhotep III, it was not until his successor that Aten would be the only god acknowledged via state worship”.


Then Amenhotep IV reigned from 1418 – 1402 BC. About five years into his reign, he changed his name to Akhenaten, destroyed all of the old false gods and began worshiping only one God, who he likely believed to be the God of the Israelites. 


Four years later, Tutankhaten his son, reigned from 1398 - 1390 BC. He began his reign at the age of 8 and ended at the age 18. He changed the religion back to the false gods.

Hence, the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt occurred in the year 2668 AM (1506 BC)


Moses then led the children of Israel to mount Sina (Sinai) which is not in the Sinai Peninsula, but is in Arabia as St. Paul explains. 


Epistle of St Paul to the Galatians 4:22 "For it is written that Abraham had two sons: the one by a bondwoman, and the other by a free woman. [23] But he who was of the bondwoman, was born according to the flesh: but he of the free woman, was by promise. [24] Which things are said by an allegory. For these are the two testaments. The one from mount Sina, engendering unto bondage; which is Agar: [25] For Sina is a mountain in Arabia, which hath affinity to that Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage with her children."


Also, from Jeremiah

Jeremiah 49:20 "Therefore hear ye the counsel of the Lord, which he hath taken concerning Edom: and his thoughts which he hath thought concerning the inhabitants of Theman: surely the little ones of the flock shall cast them down, of a truth they shall destroy them with their habitation.  [21] The earth is moved at the noise of their fall: the cry of their voice is heard in the Red Sea."


Edom is just above the Gulf of Aqaba. Hence the Red Sea is the Gulf of Aqaba.


Also from 2nd Paralipomenon (2 Chronicles)

"8:17 Then Solomon went to Asiongaber, and to Ailath, on the coast of the Red Sea, which is in the land of Edom." 


Also, many chariot wheels were found at the bottom of the Gulf of Aqaba by Ron Wyatt in 1978 as explained at this website.


https://apologiaway1.wordpress.com/2021/06/13/chariot-wheels-found-at-bottom-of-red-sea/

"The Hebrew Exodus from Egypt is in scope the most miraculous event ever to be recorded by man. It’s historicity though has been challenged and reduced to mere mythology by many religious theologians and biblical archaeologists until recently. In 1978 Ron Wyatt, a biblical archaeologist without formal training, confounded the opponents of biblical historical accuracy by discovering the true “Exodus Red Sea Crossing” in the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea) at Nuweiba, Sinai Peninsula."


So the Red Sea that Moses and the Israelites crossed is very likely the Gulf of Aqaba and not the Gulf of Suez and they probably began their crossing at the Nuweiba peninsula.


Hence, the true Mount Sinai is probably Saudi Arabia's Jabal Maquala mountain as explained in the New York Post "Archaeologist claims Mount Sinai found in Saudi Arabia" posted on 8-2-2021

https://nypost.com/2021/10/02/archaeologist-claims-mount-sinai-found-in-saudi-arabia/


Also from Doubting Thomas Research Foundation

https://doubtingthomasresearch.com/jabal-maqla-saudi-arabia/

"The Doubting Thomas Research Foundation has conducted in-person research at Jabal Maqla in Saudi Arabia to examine the evidence. At this time, we believe that this is the most likely location for Mount Sinai."


Then Moses and the children of Israel were in the desert for 40 years.


Exodus 16:35 "And the children of Israel ate manna forty years, till they came to a habitable land: with this meat were they fed, until they reached the borders of the land of Chanaan."


Numbers 14:33 " Your children shall wander in the desert forty years, and shall bear your fornication, until the carcasses of their fathers be consumed in the desert, [34] According to the number of the forty days, wherein you viewed the land: year shall be counted for a day. And forty years you shall receive your iniquities, and shall know my revenge: [35] For as I have spoken, so will I do to all this wicked multitude, that hath risen up together against me: in this wilderness shall it faint away and die."


Numbers 32:13 "And the Lord being angry against Israel, led them about through the desert forty years, until the whole generation, that had done evil in his sight, was consumed"


Deuteronomy 29:5 " He hath brought you forty years through the desert: your garments are not worn out, neither are the shoes of your feet consumed with age."


Hence, the Israelites were in the desert for 40 years. Since the Israelites left Egypt in the year 2668 AM (1506 BC) then:


The Israelites were in the desert for 40 years from 2668AM (1506 BC) to 2708AM (1466 BC) and this is when Moses died, and he was 120 years old.


Deuteronomy 34:4 "And the Lord said to him: This is the land, for which I swore to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, saying: I will give it to thy seed. Thou hast seen it with thy eyes, and shalt not pass over to it. [5] And Moses the servant of the Lord died there, in the land of Moab, by the commandment of the Lord. And he buried him in the valley of the land of Moab over against Phogor: and no man hath known of his sepulchre until this present day. [7] Moses was a hundred and twenty years old when he died: his eye was not dim, neither were his teeth moved."


The devil then wanted the body of Moses, but St. Michael received the body of Moses by simply saying to the devil, "The Lord command thee" as explained by St Jude.


Epistle of St. Jude 1:9 "When Michael the archangel, disputing with the devil, contended about the body of Moses, he durst not bring against him the judgment of railing speech, but said: The Lord command thee. "


Then Josue (Joshua) lead the children of Israel into the promise land.


Josue 1:1 "Now it came to pass after the death of Moses the servant of the Lord, that the Lord spoke to Josue the son of Nun, the minister of Moses, and said to him: [2] Moses my servant is dead: arise, and pass over this Jordan, thou and thy people with thee, into the land which I will give to the children of Israel."


So, the children of Israel went into their promise land, Chanaan, in 1466 BC.

Judges of Israel to Kings

We now determine when Israel had judges. 


We know that the children of Israel were in Egypt for a total of 430 years.


Exodus 12:40 "And the abode of the children of Israel that they made in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years."


We also know they were in the desert for a total of 40 years.


Exodus 16:35 "And the children of Israel ate manna forty years, till they came to a habitable land: with this meat were they fed, until they reached the borders of the land of Chanaan."


So, from the time the children of Israel went into Egypt, to the time they entered the promise land of Chanaan, was 470 years. However, St. Paul speaks of only 450 years in Acts 13:16.


Acts 13:16 "Then Paul rising up, and with his hand bespeaking silence, said: Ye men of Israel, and you that fear God, give ear. [17] The God of the people of Israel chose our fathers, and exalted the people when they were sojourners in the land of Egypt, and with an high arm brought them out from thence, [18] And for the space of forty years endured their manners in the desert. [19] And destroying seven nations in the land of Chanaan, divided their land among them, by lot, [20] As it were, after four hundred and fifty years: and after these things, he gave unto them judges, until Samuel the prophet.  [21] And after that they desired a king: and God gave them Saul the son of Cis, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, forty years."  


St. Paul is evidently referring to the time period beginning with the bondage of the Israelites by the Egyptians up to the time of judges. The Israelites were in bondage for 400 years.


Genesis 15:13 "And it was said unto him: Know thou beforehand that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land not their own, and they shall bring them under bondage, and afflict them four hundred years."


This is probably what St. Paul meant. Then 400 + 40 = 440 years is the time when the Israelites first entered Chanaan. Hence, 450 years is 10 years after entering Chanaan and this is when the first judge, Josue, would have served Israel.


We previously calculated that in 1466 BC the Israelites entered Chanaan. 


So, Josue would have been appointed judge in 1466 BC - 10 = 1456 BC.


Josue died at the age of 110. 

Josue (Joshua) 24:29 "And after these things Josue the son of Nun the servant of the Lord died, being a hundred and ten years old:"


We will discover later that Josue could not have died any later than 1425 BC in order for the Assyrians to have sieged Israel in 720 BC as the historians say. 


We now have some freedom to choose when Josue died because the Bible does not specify the number of years between Josue's death and when the king of Mesopotamia sieged Israel. (Judges 3:8). So, we will assume Josue died in 1429 BC, which as we will learn later, will allow 4 years between Josue's death and the siege of the king of Mesopotamia.


Hence, Josue was born in 1539 BC and died in 1429 BC.


We learned earlier that the Israelites came out of the land of Egypt in the year 1506 BC. Hence,


Josue was 33 years old when he left Egypt. 


This age works well with Exodus 33:11, where Josue was called a "young man".


Exodus 33:11 " And the Lord spoke to Moses face to face, as a man is wont to speak to his friend. And when he returned into the camp, his servant Josue the son of Nun, a young man, departed not from the tabernacle. "


We learned previously that in 1466 BC the Israelites entered Chanaan.


Hence, Josue was 73 years of age when he entered Chanaan. In our days in the year 2023 AD most people die by 90 years of age, however back then, people lived longer. Moses lived until he was 120 and Josue lived until he was 110. 


So, a 110-year-old Josue would be equivalent to a 90-year-old man in our times, which is a difference of 20 years. Hence, a 73-year-old Josue would be equivalent to a 53-year-old man in our days, which, if healthy, would be capable of fighting battles as Josue did when he entered Chanaan.


Previously we learned that Josue was appointed judge in 1456 BC. Since Josue died in 1429 BC, then:


Josue served as a judge for 27 years from 1456-1429 BC.

 

After Josue died, Juda fought against her enemies. 

Judges 1:1 “After the death of Josue the children of Israel consulted the Lord, saying: Who shall go up before us against the Chanaanite, and shall be the leader of the war?  2 And the Lord said: Juda shall go up: behold I have delivered the land into his hands.”


Judges 2:11 “And the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord, and they served Baalim.”


As mentioned previously, we had freedom to determine how long it took Israel to finish their battles after Josue died, and then to worship false Idols, and we chose 4 years.


Israel fights additional battles after Josue's death from 1429-1425 BC


Judges 3:8 “And the Lord being angry with Israel, delivered them into the hands of Chusan Rasathaim king of Mesopotamia, and they served him eight years.”


Israel had no judges from 1425 to 1417 BC 


Judges 3:9 “And they cried to the Lord, who raised them up a saviour, and delivered them, to wit, Othoniel the son of Cenez, the younger brother of Caleb:”

Judges 3:11 “And the land rested forty years, and Othoniel the son of Cenez died.” 


Othoniel served Israel as judge from 1417 to 1377 BC 


Judges 3:12 “And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the Lord: who strengthened against them Eglon king of Moab: because they did evil in his sight.”


Judges 3:14 “And the children of Israel served Eglon king of Moab eighteen years:  15 And afterwards they cried to the Lord, who raised them up a saviour called Aod, the son of Gera, the son of Jemini, who used the left hand as well as the right.”


Israel had no judges from 1377 to 1359 BC


Judges 3:30 “And Moab was humbled that day under the hand of Israel: and the land rested eighty years.”


Aod served Israel as judge from 1359 to 1351 BC


Judges 3:31 “After him was Samgar the son of Anath, who slew of the Philistines six hundred men with a ploughshare: and he also defended Israel.”


Judges 4:1 “And the children of Israel again did evil in the sight of the Lord after the death of Aod,  2 And the Lord delivered them up into the hands of Jaban king of Chanaan, who reigned in Asor: and he had a general of his army named Sisara, and he dwelt in Haroseth of the Gentiles.  3 And the children of Israel cried to the Lord: for he had nine hundred chariots set with scythes, and for twenty years had grievously oppressed them.


Israel had no judges from 1351 to 1331 BC


Judges 4:4 “And there was at that time Debbora a prophetess the wife of Lapidoth, who judged the people,”


Judges 5:32 “And the land rested for forty years.”


Debbora served Israel as judge from 1331 to 1291 BC


Judges 6:1 “And the children of Israel again did evil in the sight of the Lord: and he delivered them into the hand of Madian seven years.”


Israel had no judges from 1291 to 1284 BC


Judges 6:11 “ And an angel of the Lord came, and sat under an oak, that was in Ephra, and belonged to Joas the father of the family of Ezri. And when Gedeon his son was threshing and cleansing wheat by the winepress, to flee from Madian,  12 The angel of the Lord appeared to him, and said: The Lord is with thee, O most valiant of men.”


Judges 6:32 “From that day Gedeon was called Jerobaal, because Joas had said: Let Baal revenge himself on him that hath cast down his altar.”


Judges 8:28 “But Madian was humbled before the children of Israel, neither could they any more lift up their beads: but the land rested for forty years, while Gedeon presided.”


Gedeon (Jerobaal) served Israel as judge from 1284 to 1244 BC


Judges 8:29 “So Jerobaal the son of Joas went, and dwelt in his own house.  30 And he had seventy sons, who came out of his thigh, for he had many wives. 31 And his concubine, that he had in Sichem, bore him a son, whose name was Abimelech. 32 And Gedeon the son of Joas died in a good old age, and was buried in the sepulchre of his father in Ephra of the family of Ezri.  33 But after Gedeon was dead, the children of Israel turned again, and committed fornication with Baalim.”


Judges 9:22 “So Abimelech reigned over Israel for three years.”


Abimelech reigned over Israel from 1244 to 1241 BC


Judges 10:1 “ After Abimelech there arose a ruler in Israel, Thola son of Phua the uncle of Abimelech, a man of Issachar, who dwelt in Samir of mount Ephraim:  2 And he judged Israel three and twenty years, and he died and was buried in Samir.”


Thola served Israel as judge from 1241 to 1221 BC


Judges 10:3 “To him succeeded Jair the Galaadite, who judged Israel for two and twenty years.”


Jair served Israel as judge from 1221 to 1199 BC


Judges 10:5 “And Jair died: and was buried in the place which was called Camon. 6 But the children of Israel, adding new sins to their old ones, did evil in the sight of the Lord, and served idols, Baalim and Astaroth, and the gods of Syria and of Sidon and of Moab and of the children of Ammon and of the Philistines: and they left the Lord, and did not serve him.  7 And the Lord being angry with them, delivered them into the hands of the Philistines and of the children of Ammon.  8 And they were afflicted, and grievously oppressed for eighteen years, all they that dwelt beyond the Jordan in the land of the Amorrhite, who is in Galaad:”


Israel had no judge from 1199 to 1181 BC


Judges 11:1 " There was at that time Jephte the Galaadite, a most valiant man and a warrior, the son of a woman that was a harlot, and his father was Galaad."


Judges 11:11 "Jephte therefore went with the princes of Galaad, and all the people made him their prince."


Judges 12:7 “And Jephte the Galaadite judged Israel six years: and he died, and was buried in his city of Galaad.”


Jephte judged Israel from 1181 to 1175 BC


Judges 12:8 “After him Abesan of Bethlehem judged Israel:  9 He had thirty sons, and as many daughters, whom he sent abroad, and gave to husbands, and took wives for his sons of the same number, bringing them into his house. And he judged Israel seven years:  10 And he died, and was buried in Bethlehem.”


Abesan judged Israel from 1175 to 1168 BC


Judges 12:11 “To him succeeded Ahialon a Zabulonite: and he judged Israel ten years:  12 And he died, and was buried in Zabulon. “


Ahialon judged Israel from 1168 to 1158 BC


Judges 12:13 “After him Abdon, the son of Illel, a Pharathonite, judged Israel:  14 And he had forty sons, and of them thirty grandsons, mounted upon seventy ass colts, and he judged Israel eight years:”


Abdon judged Israel from 1158 to 1150 BC


Judges 13:1 “And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the Lord: and he delivered them into the hands of the Philistines forty years.


Philistines oppress Israel from 1150 to 1110 BC.


Judges 13:2 “Now there was a certain man of Saraa, and of the race of Dan, whose name was Manue, and his wife was barren.  3 And an angel of the Lord appeared to her, and said: Thou art barren and without children: but thou shalt conceive and bear a son.”


Judges 13:24 “And she bore a son, and called his name Samson.”


Judges 16:31 “And his brethren and all his kindred, going down took his body, and buried it between Saraa and Esthaol in the burying place of his father Manue: and he judged Israel twenty years.” 


However, this is not 20 years after the 40 year oppression of the Philistines, but rather sometime during the oppression. 


Otherwise, Samson would have judged Israel from 1110 to 1090 BC. However, Saul became king in 1110 BC and this is off by 20 years. In order to fix this, we would have to add 20 years to Josue’s age, and then Josue would have entered Chanaan at the age of 94 instead of 74 based on 3 Kings 6:1.


This is very old to be fighting battles. Even if we were to subtract 20 from his age to determine an equivalent man in our time, we still would have Josue at an equivalent age of (94-20) = 74, which is still too old to be fighting battles.


In addition, the Philistines were oppressing the Israelites right up to the time that Saul became king in 1110 BC.


Hence, Samson must have judged Israel for 20 years during the 40 years of Philistine oppression, and the Philistines continued their oppression even after Samson died.


After Samson died, there wasn't a king until Saul, Israel's first king.

Judges 17:6 “In those days there was no king in Israel, but every one did that which seemed right to himself.”


Judges 21:24 “The children of Israel also returned by their tribes, and families, to their dwellings. In those days there was no king in Israel: but every one did that which seemed right to himself.”


Samuel was old before Saul became king.

1 Kings 8:1 “And it came to pass when Samuel was old, that he appointed his sons to be judges over Israel.  2 Now the name of his firstborn son was Joel: and the name of the second was Abia, judges in Bersabee.  3 And his sons walked not in his ways: but they turned aside after lucre, and took bribes, and perverted judgment.  4 Then all the ancients of Israel being assembled, came to Samuel to Ramatha.  5 And they said to him: Behold thou art old, and thy sons walk not in thy ways: make us a king, to judge us, as all nations have.”


Then Samuel anointed Saul as Israel’s first King

1 Kings 10:1 “And Samuel took a little vial of oil and poured it upon his head, and kissed him, and said: Behold, the Lord hath anointed thee to be prince over his inheritance, and thou shalt deliver his people out of the hands of their enemies, that are round about them.”


Samuel dies. 

1 Kings 25:1 “And Samuel died, and all Israel was gathered together, and they mourned for him, and buried him in his house in Ramatha. And David rose and went down into the wilderness of Pharan.”


David flees to the land of the Philistines.

1 Kings 27:1 “And David said in his heart: I shall one day or other fall into the hands of Saul: is it not better for me to flee, and to be saved in the land of the Philistines, that Saul may despair of me, and cease to seek me in all the coasts of Israel? I will flee then out of his hands.  2 And David arose and went away, both he and the six hundred men that were with him, to Achis the son of Maoch, king of Geth.”


David was in the country of the Philistines for four months.

1 Kings 27:7 “And the time that David dwelt in the country of the Philistines, was four months.”


Then Saul king of Israel dies.

1 Kings 31:6 “So Saul died, and his three sons, and his armourbearer, and all his men that same day together.”


Saul reigned for 40 years

Acts 13:21 “And after that they desired a king: and God gave them Saul the son of Cis, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, forty years.”


Hence, Saul was king of Israel from 1110-1070 BC


Since Samuel died about 4 months before Saul died and since Samuel was an old man before Saul began his reign, then if we assume Samuel died when he was 110 years of age, (like Josue), then: 


Samuel was born approximately in 1180 BC and died in 1070 BC.

Kings of Israel and Juda

Saul reigned 1110-1070 BC


David reigned 1070 to 1030 BC

“3 Kings 2:11 And the days that David reigned in Israel, were forty years: in Hebron he reigned seven years, in Jerusalem thirty-three.  12 And Solomon sat upon the throne of his father David, and his kingdom was strengthened exceedingly.”


Solomon reigned 1030 to 990 BC

“3 Kings 11:42 And the days that Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel, were forty years. 43 And Solomon slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David his father, and Roboam his son reigned in his stead.”

 

It took seven years to build the Temple.

3 Kings 6:37 “In the fourth year was the house of the Lord founded in the month Zio:  38 And in the eleventh year in the month Bul (which is the eighth month) the house was finished in all the works thereof, and in all the appurtenances thereof: and he was seven years in building it.”


The house of God was completed in the year 1030 – 11 = 1019 BC


Kings of Israel

*******************************************************************

Jeroboam 990 to 968 BC (did evil)

3 Kings 12:2 "But Jeroboam the son of Nabat, who was yet in Egypt, a fugitive from the face of king Solomon, hearing of his death, returned out of Egypt."


3 Kings12:20 "And it came to pass when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was come again, that they gathered an assembly, and sent and called him, and made him king over all Israel, and there was none that followed the house of David but the tribe of Juda only"


Prophesy of Josias

“3 Kings 13: 1 And behold there came a man of God out of Juda, by the word of the Lord to Bethel, when Jeroboam was standing upon the altar, and burning incense.  2 And he cried out against the altar in the word of the Lord, and said: O altar, altar, thus saith the Lord: Behold a child shall be born to the house of David, Josias by name, and he shall immolate upon thee the priests of the high places, who now burn incense upon thee, and he shall burn men's bones upon thee.”


“3 Kings 14:20 And the days that Jeroboam reigned, were two and twenty years: and he slept with his fathers: and Nadab his son reigned in his stead.”


Nadab 968 to 967 BC (did evil)

“3 Kings 15:25 But Nadab the son of Jeroboam reigned over Israel the second year of Asa king of Juda: and he reigned over Israel two years.”

Asa became king of Juda in 970.


Baasa (Baasha) 967 to 944 BC (did evil) 

“3 Kings 15:33 In the third year of Asa king of Juda, Baasa the son of Ahias reigned over all Israel, in Thersa, four and twenty years.”

Asa became king of Juda in 970 BC.


Ela (Elah) 944 to 943 BC (did evil)

“3 Kings 16:8 In the six and twentieth year of Asa king of Juda, Ela the son of Baasa reigned over Israel in Thersa two years.” 

Asa became king of Juda in 970 BC.


Zambri (Zimri) 943 to 943 BC (did evil)

“3 Kings 16:15 In the seven and twentieth year of Asa king of Juda, Zambri reigned seven days in Thersa:”

Asa became king of Juda in 970 BC.


There was not an established king on the throne from 943 to 939 BC


“3 Kings 16:21 Then were the people of Israel divided into two parts: one half of the people followed Thebni the son of Gineth, to make him king: and one half followed Amri.  22 But the people that were with Amri, prevailed over the people that followed Thebni the son of Gineth: and Thebni died, and Amri reigned.”


Amri (Omri) 939 to 928 BC

“3 Kings 16:23 In the one and thirtieth year of Asa king of Juda, Amri reigned over Israel twelve years: in Thersa he reigned six years.”

Asa became king of Juda in 970 BC.


Achab (Ahab) 932 to 911 BC (did evil) (Evidently Aham and his father Amri both reigned for 4 years)

“3 Kings 16: 29 Now Achab the son of Amri reigned over Israel in the eight and thirtieth year of Asa king of Juda. And Achab the son of Amri reigned over Israel in Samaria two and twenty years.”

Asa became king of Juda in 970 BC.


3 Kings 16:30 And Achab the son of Amri did evil in the sight of the Lord above all that were before him.  31 Nor was it enough for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nabat: but he also took to wife Jezabel daughter of Ethbaal king of the Sidonians. And he went, and served Baal, and adored him.  32 And he set up an altar for Baal in the temple of Baal, which he had built in Samaria”


Ochozias (Ahaziah) 911 to 910 BC (did evil)

“3 Kings 22:52 And Ochozias the son of Achab began to reign over Israel in Samaria, in the seventeenth year of Josaphat king of Juda, and he reigned over Israel two years,”

Josaphat became king of Juda in 928 BC.


Joram 910 to 898 BC (did evil)

“4 Kings 3: 1 And Joram the son of Achab reigned over Israel in Samaria in the eighteenth year of Josaphat king of Juda. And he reigned twelve years.”

Josaphat became king in 928 BC.


Jehu 898 to 870 BC

“4 Kings 10: 35 And Jehu slept with his fathers, and they buried him in Samaria: and Joachaz his son reigned in his stead.36 And the time that Jehu reigned over Israel, in Samaria, was eight and twenty years.”


Joachaz (Jehoahaz) 868 to 852 BC (did evil) (Evidently, there wasn’t a king for 2 years)

“4 Kings 13:1 In the three and twentieth year of Joas son of Ochozias king of Juda, Joachaz the son of Jehu reigned over Israel in Samaria, seventeen years.”

Joas king of Juda became king 891 BC.


Joas (Joash) 854 to 838 BC (did evil) (Joas and his father evidently reigned together for two years)

“4 Kings 13:10 In the seven and thirtieth year of Joas king of Juda, Joas the son of Joachaz reigned over Israel in Samaria sixteen years.”

Joas king of Juda became king 891 BC.


Jeroboam (Jeroboam II) 837 to 796 BC (did evil)

“4 kings 14:23 In the fifteenth year of Amasias son of Joas king of Juda, reigned Jeroboam the son of Joas king of Israel in Samaria, one and forty years”

Amasias became king of Juda in 852 BC.

  

Zacharias (Zachariah) 772 to 772 BC (did evil) (Evidently for 24 years there wasn’t an established king on the throne.) 

“4 Kings 15:8 In the eight and thirtieth year of Azarias king of Juda, reigned Zacharias son of Jeroboam over Israel in Samaria six months:”

Azarias became king of Juda in 810 BC.


Perhaps Zacharias, Sellum and Manahem fought for the throne and in the end Manahem won after 24 years.


“4 Kings 15:10 And Sellum the son of Jabes conspired against him: and struck him publicly and killed him, and reigned in his place.  11 Now the rest of the acts of Zacharias, are they not written in the book of the words of the days of the kings of Israel?  12 This was the word of the Lord, which he spoke to Jehu, saying: Thy children to the fourth generation shall sit upon the throne of Israel. And so it came to pass.”


Sellum (Shallum) 771 to 771 BC

“4 Kings 15: 13 Sellum the son of Jabes began to reign in the nine and thirtieth year of Azarias king of Juda: and reigned one month in Samaria.  14 And Manahem the son of Gadi went up from Thersa: and he came into Samaria, and struck Sellum the son of Jabes in Samaria, and slew him, and reigned in his stead

Azarias became king of Juda in 810 BC.


Manahem (Menahem) 771 to 761 BC (did evil)

“4 Kings 15: 17 In the nine and thirtieth year of Azarias king of Juda, reigned Manahem son of Gadi over Israel ten years in Samaria.”

Azarias became king of Juda in 810 BC.


Phaceia (Pekahiah) 760 to 758 BC  (did evil)

“4 Kings 15: 23 In the fiftieth year of Azarias king of Juda reigned Phaceia the son of Manahem over Israel in Samaria two years.

Azarias became king of Juda in 810 BC.


Phacee (Pekah) 758 to 738 BC (did evil)

“4 Kings 15:27 In the two and fiftieth year of Azarias king of Juda reigned Phacee the son of Romelia over Israel in Samaria twenty years.

Azarias became king of Juda in 810 BC.

 

“4 Kings 15: 29 In the days of Phacee king of Israel came Theglathphalasar king of Assyria, and took Aion, and Abel Domum Maacha and Janoe, and Cedes, and Asor, and Galaad, and Galilee, and all the land of Nephtali: and carried them captives into Assyria.


From 737 to 729 BC (Osee did not officially reign. So, for 8 years there was not and established king on the throne.)


Osee (Hoshea) 729 to 720 BC (did evil)

“4 Kings 15: 30 Now Osee son of Ela conspired, and formed a plot against Phacee, the son of Romelia, and struck him, and slew him: and reigned in his stead in the twentieth year of Joatham the son of Ozias.”


Foot note from Douay Rheims Bible: [30] "In the twentieth year of Joatham": That is, in the twentieth year, from the beginning of Joatham's reign. The sacred writer chooses rather to follow here this date than to speak of the years of Achaz, who had not yet been mentioned.”

Joatham became king of Juda in 756 BC so this would imply that Osee became king in 736 BC; however, later in the Bible it states:


“4 Kings 17:1 In the twelfth year of Achaz king of Juda, Osee the son of Ela reigned in Samaria over Israel nine years.  2 And he did evil before the Lord: but not as the kings of Israel that had been before him. 3 Against him came up Salmanasar king of the Assyrians, and Osee became his servant, and paid him tribute. 4 And when the king of the Assyrians found that Osee endeavouring to rebel had sent messengers to Sua the king of Egypt, that he might not pay tribute to the king of the Assyrians, as he had done every year, he besieged him, bound him, and cast him into prison,  5 And he went through all the land: and going up to Samaria, he besieged it three years.”


Footnote from Douay-Rheims Bible:[1] "In the twelfth year of Achaz king of Juda": He began to reign before: but was not in quiet possession of the kingdom to the twelfth year of Achaz.

Achaz became king of Juda in 741 BC


In 720 BC the Assyrians carried Israel away to Assyria


“4 Kings 17:  6 And in the ninth year of Osee, the king of the Assyrians took Samaria, and carried Israel away to Assyria: and he placed them in Hala and Habor by the river of Gozan, in the cities of the Medes.  7 For so it was that the children of Israel had sinned against the Lord their God, who brought them out of the land of Egypt, from under the hand of Pharao king of Egypt, and they worshipped strange gods.”


“4 Kings 17: 24 And the king of the Assyrians brought people from Babylon, and from Cutha, and from Avah, and from Emath, and from Sepharvaim: and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel: and they possessed Samaria, and dwelt in the cities thereof.”


From Wikipedia: Assyrian siege of Jerusalem - Wikipedia

“In 720 BCE, the Assyrian army captured Samaria, the capital of the northern Kingdom of Israel, and carried away many Israelites into captivity.”


Tobias was then lead away captive as explained in the book of Tobias

Tobias 1:1 " Tobias of the tribe and city of Nephtali, (which is in the upper parts of Galilee above Naasson, beyond the way that leadeth to the west, having on the right hand the city of Sephet,)  2 When he was made captive in the days of Salmanasar king of the Assyrians, even in his captivity, forsook not the way of truth, "


Quote from Wikipedia: Shalmaneser V - Wikipedia 

"Shalmaneser V was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from the death of his father Tiglath-Pileser III in 727 BC. Shalmaneser V reigned from 727–722 BC. 


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Kings of Juda

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Roboam: 990 to 973 BC (did evil)

“3 Kings 14: 21 And Roboam the son of Solomon reigned in Juda: Roboam was one and forty years old when he began to reign: and he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem the city, which the Lord chose out of all the tribes of Israel to put his name there.” 


2 Paralipomenon 11:17 " And they strengthened the kingdom of Juda, and established Roboam the son of Solomon for three years: for they walked in the ways of David and of Solomon, only three years."


Abiam (Abijah) 972 to 970 BC (did evil)

“3 Kings 14: 31 And Roboam slept with his fathers, and was buried with them in the city of David: and his mother's name was Naama an Ammonitess: and Abiam his son reigned in his stead.” 


“3 Kings 15: 1 Now in the eighteenth year of the reign of Jeroboam the son of Nabat, Abiam reigned over Juda.  2 He reigned three years in Jerusalem: the name of his mother was Maacha the daughter of Abessalom.”

Jeroboam became king of Israel in 990 BC.


Asa 970 to 929 BC  (did that which was right)

“3 Kings 15:8 And Abiam slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city of David, and Asa his son reigned in his stead.  9 So in the twentieth year of Jeroboam king of Israel, reigned Asa king of Juda,  10 And he reigned one and forty years in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Maacha, the daughter of Abessalom.”

Jeroboam became king of Israel in 990 BC.


Josaphat (Jehoshaphat) 928 to 904 BC

“3 Kings 22:41 But Josaphat the son of Asa began to reign over Juda in the fourth year of Achab king of Israel. 42 He was five and thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned five and twenty years in Jerusalem:”

Achab became king of Israel  in 932 BC.


Joram (Jehoram) 905 to 898 BC  (did evil)

4 Kings 8: 16 In the fifth year of Joram son of Achab king of Israel, and of Josaphat king of Juda, reigned Joram son of Josaphat king of Juda. 17 He was two and thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eight years in Jerusalem.

Joram became king of Israel in 910 BC.


Ochozias (Ahaziah) 898 to 897 BC (did evil)

“4 Kings 8:  25 In the twelfth year of Joram son of Achab king of Israel, reigned Ochozias son of Joram king of Juda.  26 Ochozias was two and twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned one year in Jerusalem: the name of his mother was Athalia the daughter of Amri king of Israel.”

Joram became king of Israel in 910 BC.


" 2 Paralipomenon (2 Chronicles) 22:2 Ochozias was forty-two years old when he began to reign, and he reigned one year in Jerusalem, and the name of his mother was Athalia the daughter of Amri."

 

So Ochozias was either 22 or 42 years of age when he began to reign.


Athalia (Athaliah) 897 to 891 BC

“4 Kings 11:1 "And Athalia the mother of Ochozias seeing that her son was dead, arose, and slew all the royal seed.  2 But Josaba the daughter of king Joram, sister of Ochozias, took Joas the son of Ochozias, and stole him from among the king's sons that were slain, out of the bedchamber with his nurse: and hid him from the face of Athalia, so that he was not slain.  3 And he was with her six years hid in the house of the Lord. And Athalia reigned over the land.”


Joas (Joash) 891 to 852 BC (did good)

“4 Kings 12:1 In the seventh year of Jehu Joas began to reign: and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. The name of his mother was Sebia of Bersabee.”

Jehu became king of Israel in 898 BC 


"2 Paralipomenon (2 Chronicles) 24:24 Joas was seven years old when he began to reign: and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem: the name of his mother was Sebia of Bersabee."


Amasias (Amaziah) 852 to 823 BC (did good)

“4 Kings 14: 1 In the second year of Joas son of Joachaz, king of Israel, reigned Amasias son of Joas king of Juda.  2 He was five and twenty years old when he began to reign: and nine and twenty years he reigned in Jerusalem:”


Joas king of Israel became king in 854 BC so Amasias became king in 852 BC. Amasias reigned 29 years so his reign ended in 823 BC. 


In addition,

“4 Kings 14:17 And Amasias the son of Joas king of Juda lived, after the death of Joas son of Joachaz king of Israel fifteen years.

Joas king of Israel reign ended in 838 BC, so Amasias died 15 years later, which is 823 BC again showing that Amasias reign ended in 823 BC.


“4 Kings 14:18 And the rest of the acts of Amasias, are they not written in the book of the words of the days of the kings of Juda? 19 Now they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem: and he fled to Lachis. And they sent after him to Lachis, and killed him there.  20 And they brought him away upon horses, and he was buried in Jerusalem with his fathers in the city of David.”


Evidently from the time the people of Juda made a conspiracy against
Amasias plus the time it took to find him in Lachis and kill him plus the time to assign a new king was 13 years as shown next.


Azarias or Ozias (Uzziah) 810 to 758 BC (did right) (Evidently for 13 years there was not an established king on the throne as explained previously) 

“4 Kings 15: 1 In the seven and twentieth year of Jeroboam king of Israel reigned Azarias son of Amasias, king of Juda.  2 He was sixteen years old, when he began to reign, and he reigned two and fifty years in Jerusalem:”

Foot note in Douay Rheims Bible [1] "Azarias": Otherwise called Ozias.

Jeroboam became king of Israel in 837 BC


"2 Paralipomenon (2 Chronicles) 26:15 And he made in Jerusalem engines of diverse kinds, which he placed in the towers, and in the corners of the walls, to shoot arrows, and great stones: and his name went forth far abroad, for the Lord helped him, and had strengthened him." 


Joatham (Jotham) 756 to 741 BC (did right) (Evidently for 2 years there was not an established king on the throne) 

“4 Kings 15: 32 In the second year of Phacee the son of Romelia king of Israel reigned Joatham son of Ozias king of Juda.  33 He was five and twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem:”

Phacee became king of Israel in 758 BC.


Achaz (Ahaz) 741 to 726 BC (did evil)

“4 Kings 16: 1 In the seventeenth year of Phacee the son of Romelia reigned Achaz the son of Joatham king of Juda.  2 Achaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem:” 

Phacee became king of Israel in 758 BC.


“4 Kings 16: 6 At that time Rasin king of Syria restored Aila to Syria, and drove the men of Juda out of Aila: and the Edomites came into Aila, and dwelt there unto this day.”


"2 Paralipomenon (2 Chronicles) 28:3 It was he that burnt incense in the valley of Benennom, and consecrated his sons in the fire according to the manner of the nations, which the Lord slew at the coming of the children of Israel. 


Ezechias (Hezekiah) 726 to 697 BC (did good)

“4 Kings 18:1 In the third year of Osee the son of Ela king of Israel, reigned Ezechias the son of Achaz king of Juda.  2 He was five and twenty years old when he began to reign: and he reigned nine and twenty years in Jerusalem:” 

Osee became king of Israel in 729 BC.


“4 Kings 18: 4 He destroyed the high places, and broke the statues in pieces, and cut down the groves, and broke the brazen serpent, which Moses had made: for till that time the children of Israel burnt incense to it: and he called its name Nohestan.  5 He trusted in the Lord the God of Israel: so that after him there was none like him among all the kings of Juda, nor any of them that were before him:” 

Footnote from Douay-Rheims Bible: “[4] "And he called its name Nohestan": That is, their brass; or a little brass. So he called it in contempt, because they had made an idol of it.”


“4 Kings 18: 9 In the fourth year of king Ezechias, which was the seventh year of Osee the son of Ela king of Israel, Salmanasar king of the Assyrians came up to Samaria, and besieged it, 10 And took it. For after three years, in the sixth year of Ezechias, that is, in the ninth year of Osee king of Israel, Samaria was taken:”


Assyrians besiege Samaria in 722 BC and took Samaria in 720 BC.


This is confirmed by Wikipedia:

 Assyrian siege of Jerusalem - Wikipedia 

" In 720 BCE, the Assyrian army captured Samaria, the capital of the northern Kingdom of Israel, and carried away many Israelites into captivity. The virtual destruction of Israel left the southern kingdom, Judah, to fend for itself among warring Near-Eastern kingdoms. "


Quote from Wikipedia: Shalmaneser V - Wikipedia 

"Shalmaneser V was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from the death of his father Tiglath-Pileser III in 727 BC. Shalmaneser V reigned from 727–722 BC. Though Shalmaneser V's brief reign is poorly known from contemporary sources, he remains known for the conquest of Samaria and the fall of the Kingdom of Israel, though the conclusion of that campaign is sometimes attributed to his successor, Sargon II, instead. 


Juda is taken by the Assyrians in 712 BC 

“4 Kings 18: 13 In the fourteenth year of king Ezechias, Sennacherib king of the Assyrians came up against the fenced cities of Juda: and took them.”

Ezechias became king in 726 BC.


Quote from Wikipedia:

Sennacherib meaning "Sîn has replaced the brothers", was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from the death of his father Sargon II in 705 BC to his own death in 681 BC. The second king of the Sargonid dynasty, Sennacherib is one of the most famous Assyrian kings for the role he plays in the Hebrew Bible, which describes his campaign in the Levant. Other events of his reign include his destruction of the city of Babylon in 689 BC and his renovation and expansion of the last great Assyrian capital, Nineveh. 

 
Although Wikipedia says that Sennacherib reigned from 705 BC to 681 BC, he probably was present during the invasion of Juda in 712 BC and the Israelites were lead to believe that he was the king of the Assyrians.


The Book of Judith occurred during this time period.

  

King Arphaxad was very likely King Deioces as shown next.

Judith 1:1 “Now Arphaxad king of the Medes had brought many nations under his dominions, and he built a very strong city, which he called Ecbatana,”


Foot note from Douay-Rheims Bible: “[1] "Arphaxad": He was probably the same as is called Dejoces by Herodotus; to whom he attributes the building of Ecbatana, the capital city of Media.”


Quote from Britannica: Deioces | king of Media | Britannica

“According to the 5th-century-BC Greek historian Herodotus, Deioces was the first king of the Medes. Herodotus claimed that the Median tribes at first lived in villages without any political organization; when they decided to elect a king, they chose Deioces, a village judge renowned for the justice of his decisions. Deioces united all the Median tribes, built Ecbatana (modern Hamadan, Iran) as their capital, and ruled for 53 years (728–675 BC). Modern scholarship has shown that Herodotus probably confused Deioces with Phraortes, who established a kingdom in Media and ruled from about 675 to about 653 BC.


Nabuchodonosor king of the Assyrians was very likely Sargon II as we show next

Judith 1:5 “Now in the twelfth year of his reign, Nabuchodonosor king of the Assyrians, who reigned in Ninive the great city, fought against Arphaxad and overcame him,”

 

Quote from Britannica: Sargon II summary | Britannica

“Sargon II, (died 705 BC), Assyrian king (r. 721–705 BC). He continued the empire-building work of his presumed father, Tiglath-pileser III. One of his aims was to prove the might of the Assyrian god Ashur by enlarging the empire he had inherited. His conquests ranged from southern Babylonia to Armenia and the Mediterranean. He probably died in battle in northwestern Persia. His son, Sennacherib, succeeded him.”


We will call Sargon II, Nabuchodonosor to be consistent with the Bible. Hence, in the year 721 – 12 = 709 BC, Nabuchodonosor overcame Arphaxad. The following quote from Wikipedia states that this year was 715 BC, which is close to 709 BC.


Quote from Wikipedia  Deioces - Wikipedia

“ In 715 BC, Sargon II, the Assyrian king, learned that Deioces had allied with Rusa I, the Urartian king. He started watching Deioces and during his war with the Mannaeans, he entered the Medes again so as to end its "anarchy", as he claimed. He finally captured Deioces and exiled him along with his family to Hama (in Syria today).”


In 721 -13 = 708 BC Nabuchodonosor sent Holofernes to attack Israel

Judith 2:1”  In the thirteenth year of the reign of Nabuchodonosor, the two and twentieth day of the first month, the word was given out in the house of Nabuchodonosor king of the Assyrians, that he would revenge himself.  2 And he called all the ancients, and all the governors, and his officers of war, and communicated to them the secret of his counsel:  3 And he said that his thoughts were to bring all the earth under his empire.  4 And when this saying pleased them all, Nabuchodonosor, the king, called Holofernes the general of his armies,  5 And said to him: Go out against all the kingdoms of the west, and against them especially that despised my commandment.”


This all took place near the Valley of Jezreel and the Plain of Esdrelon, which is in Northern Samaria.

Judith 7:3 "All these prepared themselves together to fight against the children of Israel, and they came by the hillside to the top, which looketh toward Dothain, from the place which is called Behlma, unto Chelmon, which is over against Esdrelon." 


The last king of Israel was Osee (Hoshea) 729 to 720 BC, so there wasn't a king in Israel during this time in 708 BC. Ozias was one of the rulers but not a king. He was a prince.

Judith 6:11 " In those days the rulers there, were Ozias the son of Micha of the tribe of Simeon, and Charmi, called also Gothoniel." 


Judith 13:23 "And Ozias the prince of the people of Israel, said to her: Blessed art thou, O daughter, by the Lord the most high God, above all women upon the earth."  


Manasseh 697 to 642 BC (did evil)

“4 Kings 21: 1 Manasses was twelve years old when he began to reign, and he reigned five and fifty years in Jerusalem:”


" 2 Paralipomenon (2 Chronicles) 33:6 And he made his sons to pass through the fire in the valley of Benennom: he observed dreams, followed divinations, gave himself up to magic arts, had with him magicians, and enchanters: and he wrought many evils before the Lord, to provoke him to anger." 


" 2 Paralipomenon (2 Chronicles) 33:11 Therefore he brought upon them the captains of the army of the king of the Assyrians: and they took Manasses, and carried him bound with chains and fetters to Babylon. 12 And after that he was in distress he prayed to the Lord his God: and did penance exceedingly before the God of his fathers.  13 And he entreated him, and besought him earnestly: and he heard his prayer, and brought him again to Jerusalem into his kingdom, and Manasses knew that the Lord was God. " 


Amen (Amon) 642 to 640 BC (did evil)

“4 Kings 21:19 Two and twenty years old was Amen when he began to reign, and he reigned two years in Jerusalem: “


Josias (Josiah) 640 to 609 BC (did right)

“4 Kings 22:1 Josias was eight years old when he began to reign: he reigned one and thirty years in Jerusalem:”


 The Battle of Megiddo took place in 609 BC as explained in Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(609_BC)

"The Judaean forces battled the Egyptians at Megiddo, resulting in Josiah's death and his kingdom becoming a vassal state of Egypt."


Joachaz (Jehoahaz) 609 to 609 BC (did evil)

“4 Kings 23:31 Joachaz was three and twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem:”


“4 Kings 23:  34 And Pharao Nechao made Eliacim the son of Josias king in the room of Josias his father: and turned his name to Joakim. And he took Joachaz away and carried him into Egypt, and he died there.”


“4 Kings 23: 35 And Joakim gave the silver and the gold to Pharao, after he had taxed the land for every man, to contribute according to the commandment of Pharao: and he exacted both the silver and the gold of the people of the land, of every man according to his ability: to give to Pharao Nechao.”


Joakim (Jehoiakim) 609 to 598 BC (did evil)

“4 Kings 23: 36 Joakim was five and twenty years old when he began to reign: and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem:”


“4 Kings 24: 1 In his days Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon came up, and Joakim became his servant three years: then again he rebelled against him.”


“Daniel 1:1 In the third year of the reign of Joakim king of Juda, Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon came to Jerusalem, and besieged it.”


Joakim became king in 609 BC so in 606 BC, Nabuchodonosor besieged Jerusalem. 


Hence in 606 BC Nabuchodonosor besieged Jerusalem. 


Note: The Israelites thought Nabuchodonosor was king when he besieged Jerusalem in 606 BC, but actually he was prince and co-regent with his father Nabopolassar. He became king in 605 BC. Here are quotes from the following internet sites:  


 Nebuchadnezzar II | Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts | Britannica 

" In 607/606, as crown prince, Nebuchadnezzar commanded an army with his father in the mountains north of Assyria, subsequently leading independent operations after Nabopolassar’s return to Babylon. After a Babylonian reverse at the hands of Egypt in 606/605, he served as commander in chief in his father’s place and by brilliant generalship shattered the Egyptian army at Carchemish and Hamath, thereby securing control of all Syria. After his father’s death on August 16, 605, Nebuchadnezzar returned to Babylon and ascended the throne within three weeks.  "


 Nebuchadnezzar's Dream | Welcome to International Gospel Teacher 

" Nebuchadnezzar II ruled the Babylonian Empire with his father from 607 B.C. till his father died, then ruled alone from 605 B.C. to 562 B.C. He took captives from Jerusalem in 606 B.C., in 597 B.C., and in 586 B.C., when Jerusalem and the temple were destroyed. Daniel was an early Jewish captive who became one of Nebuchadnezzar’s wise men. "


“4 Kings 24:5 But the rest of the acts of Joakim, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the words of the days of the kings of Juda? And Joakim slept with his fathers:  6 And Joachin his son reigned in his stead.” 7 And the king of Egypt came not again any more out of his own country: for the king of Babylon had taken all that had belonged to the king of Egypt, from the river of Egypt, unto the river Euphrates.


Joachin (Jeconiah) 598 to 598 BC (did evil)

“4 Kings 24:8 Joachin was eighteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem:”


" 2 Paralipomenon (2 Chronicles) 36:9 Joachin was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months and ten days in Jerusalem, and he did evil in the sight of the Lord."


Foot note from Douay-Rheims Bible " [9] "Eight years old": He was associated by his father to the kingdom, when he was but eight years old; but after his father's death, when he reigned alone, he was eighteen years old. 4 Kings 24. 8." 


Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon came up against Jerusalem again in 598 BC under Joachin's reign.


This is close to what Wikipedia says.

From Wikipedia: Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC) - Wikipedia

“In 597 BCE, the Babylonians besieged Jerusalem, and the city surrendered.[2][6] Nebuchadnezzar pillaged Jerusalem and deported Jeconiah and other prominent citizens to Babylon; Jeconiah's uncle, Zedekiah, was installed as king”


“4 Kings 24:8 "Joachin was eighteen years old when he began to reign,and he reigned three months in Jerusalem: the name of his mother was Nohesta the daughter of Elnathan of Jerusalem.  9 And he did evil before the Lord, according to all that his father had done.  10 At that time the servants of Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon came up against Jerusalem, and the city was surrounded with their forts. 11 And Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon came to the city with his servants to assault it.  12 And Joachin king of Juda went out to the king of Babylon, he and his mother, and his servants, and his nobles, and his eunuchs: and the king of Babylon received him in the eighth year of his reign. "


Again, the Israelites thought Nebuchadnezzar became king in 606 BC, so 606 - 8 = 598 BC.


(Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon) 

“4 Kings 24:17 17 And he appointed Matthanias his uncle in his stead: and called his name Sedecias.”


Sedecias (Zedekiah) 598 to 587 BC (did evil)

“4 Kings 24:18 Sedecias was one and twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem:”


“4 Kings 25:1 And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, the tenth day of the month, that Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon came, he and all his army against Jerusalem: and they surrounded it: and raised works round about it.”


The ninth year of the reign of Sedecias was the year 589 BC and this is when Nabuchodonosor came and surrounded Jerusalem.


This is confirmed by a quote from Wikipedia:

" The siege of Jerusalem (circa 589–587 BCE) was the final event of the Judahite revolts against Babylon, in which Nebuchadnezzar II, king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, besieged Jerusalem, the capital city of the Kingdom of Judah. Jerusalem fell after a 30-month siege, following which the Babylonians systematically destroyed the city and the First Temple.[1][2] The Kingdom of Judah was dissolved and many of its inhabitants were exiled to Babylon. "


“4 Kings 25: 6 So they took the king, and brought him to the king of Babylon to Reblatha, and he gave judgment upon him. 7 And he slew the sons of Sedecias before his face, and he put out his eyes, and bound him with chains, and brought him to Babylon.”


“4 Kings 25:  8 In the fifth month, the seventh day of the month, that is, the nineteenth year of the king of Babylon, came Nabuzardan commander of the army, a servant of the king of Babylon, into Jerusalem.  9 And he burnt the house of the Lord, and the king's house, and the houses of Jerusalem, and every house he burnt with fire.  10 And all the army of the Chaldees, which was with the commander of the troops, broke down the walls of Jerusalem round about.  11 And Nabuzardan the commander of the army, carried away the rest of the people that remained in the city, and the fugitives that had gone over to the king of Babylon, and the remnant of the common people.  12 But of the poor of the land he left some dressers of vines and husbandmen.”


Again, the Israelites thought Nebuchadnezzar was king in 606 BC, so 606 - 19 = 587 BC.

 

Hence, in 587 BC the Temple was burnt and the walls broken down.


It took seven years to build the Temple.

3 Kings 6:37 “In the fourth year was the house of the Lord founded in the month Zio:  38 And in the eleventh year in the month Bul (which is the eighth month) the house was finished in all the works thereof, and in all the appurtenances thereof: and he was seven years in building it.”


The Temple was completed in the year 1030 – 11 = 1019 BC


So, the Temple lasted for 432 years, which is almost the same number of years that the Israelites were in Egypt, which was 430.


Exodus 12:40 " And the abode of the children of Israel that they made in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years."

Babylonian Exile to Jesus Christ

Next, we will determine the time period from the Babylonian Exile up to the birth of Jesus Christ who is the Son of God, and who is the Word of God, and who is the Second Divine Person of the Blessed Holy Trinity, and who is God.


70 year prophecy of Jeremias

Daniel 9:[1] “In the first year of Darius the son of Assuerus of the seed of the Medes, who reigned over the kingdom of the Chaldeans: [2] The first year of his reign, I Daniel understood by books the number of the years, concerning which the word of the Lord came to Jeremias the prophet, that seventy years should be accomplished of the desolation of Jerusalem. [3] And I set my face to the Lord my God, to pray and make supplication with fasting, and sackcloth, and ashes.”


Note: Daniel specifically mentions that Jerusalem will be in desolation for 70 years.


Foot note from Douay-Rheims on Esdras 4:6: "Assuerus": Otherwise called Cambyses the son and successor of Cyrus. He is also in the following verse named Artaxerxes, a name common to almost all the kings of Persia."

 

From Wikipedia "List of monarchs of Persia"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Persia

"Cyrus the Great, reigned from 559-530 BC"

"Cambyses II, reigned from 530-522 BC"

"Bardiya, 522 BC"

"Darius the Great, 522-486 BC"

 

Daniel the prophet is referring to the following prophecy of Jeremiah

Jeremiah 25:[9] “Behold I will send, and take all the kindreds of the north, saith the Lord, and Nabuchodonosor the king of Babylon my servant: and I will bring them against this land, and against the inhabitants thereof, and against all the nations that are round about it: and I will destroy them, and make them an astonishment and a hissing, and perpetual desolations. [10] And I will take away from them the voice of mirth, and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom, and the voice of the bride, the sound of the mill, and the light of the lamp. [11] And all this land shall be a desolation, and an astonishment: and all these nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years. [12] And when the seventy years shall be expired, I will punish the king of Babylon, and that nation, saith the Lord, for their iniquity, and the land of the Chaldeans: and I will make it perpetual desolations.”


The prophecy specifically states "all these nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years." and in addition that Nabuchodonosor would come against the land of the Israelites. The “kindreds of the north” were the Assyrians. The Babylonian empire defeated the Assyrian empire at the battle of Megiddo in 609 BC as explained in Wikipedia. 


Hence, the 70 year period of Jeremiah officially began in 609 BC.


The Battle of Megiddo took place in 609 BC as explained in Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(609_BC)

"This Battle of Megiddo is recorded as having taken place in 609 BC when Pharaoh Necho II of Egypt led his army to Carchemish (northern Syria) to join with his allies, the fading Neo-Assyrian Empire, against the surging Neo-Babylonian Empire. This required passing through territory controlled by the Kingdom of Judah. The Judaean king Josiah refused to let the Egyptians pass.[3] The Judaean forces battled the Egyptians at Megiddo, resulting in Josiah's death and his kingdom becoming a vassal state of Egypt. The battle is recorded in the Hebrew Bible, the Greek 1 Esdras, and the writings of Josephus."


The prophecy then states that “all these nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years”, and after the seventy years shall be expired, God would punish the king of Babylon and make it a perpetual desolation. 


This did happen when Cyrus the Great conquered the Babylonian empire in 539 BC, which is exactly 70 years later, fulfilling Jeremiahs prophecy 25:11.


From Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great

"Cyrus II of Persia (c. 600–530 BC; Old Persian: 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 Kūruš),[4][5] commonly known as Cyrus the Great and also called Cyrus the Elder by the Greeks,[6] was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian empire.[7] Under his rule, the empire embraced all of the previous civilized states of the ancient Near East,[7] expanded vastly and eventually conquered most of Western Asia and much of Central Asia. Spanning from the Mediterranean Sea and Hellespont in the west to the Indus River in the east, the empire created by Cyrus was the largest the world had yet seen."


Also from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great

"The exact dates of the Lydian conquest are unknown, but it must have taken place between Cyrus's overthrow of the Median kingdom (550 BC) and his conquest of Babylon (539 BC)"


However, Daniel, in chapter 9:2, prophesied that Jerusalem itself would be desolate for 70 years. 


"Daniel 9:2 The first year of his reign, I Daniel understood by books the number of the years, concerning which the word of the Lord came to Jeremias the prophet, that seventy years should be accomplished of the desolation of Jerusalem." 


Hence, we need to determine the year when the desolation of Jerusalem officially began and officially ended.


First we will determine when the desolation of Jerusalem officially began.


The next quote from the Bible indicates that Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon won the battle of Charcamis in the fourth year of Joakim king of Juda. 

Jeremiah 46: [1] “The word of the Lord that came to Jeremias the prophet against the Gentiles, [2] Against Egypt, against the army of Pharao Nechao king of Egypt, which was by the river Euphrates in Charcamis, whom Nabuchodonosor the king of Babylon defeated, in the fourth year of Joakim the son of Josias king of Juda.”


From the previous section, we learned Joakim reigned from 609-598 BC. Hence, the fourth year of Joakim was 605 BC.


History tells us that the battle of Charcamis took place about the year 605 BC as noted in Wikipedia.

Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Carchemish

"The Battle of Carchemish was fought about 605 BC[3][4][5] between the armies of Egypt allied with the remnants of the army of the former Assyrian Empire against the armies of Babylonia, allied with the Medes, Persians, and Scythians. This battle is also mentioned in Ezekiel chapter 30 in the Bible.[6]"


The next quote indicates that one year prior to this battle, in the third year of the reign of Joakim king of Juda, Nabuchodonosor besieged Jerusalem and carried away Daniel and other Hebrews. 


Daniel 1:1 “In the third year of the reign of Joakim king of Juda, Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon came to Jerusalem, and besieged it."


This is also backed up by Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehoiakim

"Jehoiakim,[a] also sometimes spelled Jehoikim[b] was the eighteenth and antepenultimate king of Judah from 609 to 598 BC. He was the second son of king Josiah (1 Chronicles 3:15) and Zebidah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah.[1] His birth name was Eliakim.[c]"


Hence, from Daniel 1:1, 606 BC is the third year of the reign of Joakim king of Juda and this is when Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon came to Jerusalem and besieged it.


Hence the 70-year prophecy of Daniel of the desolation of Jerusalem officially began in the year 606 BC.


Next, we need to determine the year when the desolation of Jerusalem officially ended."


On a side note:

Even though Daniel said "Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon", Nabuchodonosor was not the king at that time but instead became king the following year in 605BC. Daniel must have written his prophecies after Nabuchodonosor became king of Babylon. 


We will now prove that Nabuchodonosor was not king in 606BC by noting from Daniel chapter 1:5, that Daniel and his companions were first nourished for three years.


Daniel 1:5 "...that being nourished three years, afterwards they might stand before the king." 


and then noting:


Daniel 1:18 "And when the days were ended, after which the king had ordered they should be brought in: the prince of the eunuchs brought them in before Nabuchodonosor. [19] And when the king had spoken to them, there were not found among them all such as Daniel, Ananias, Misael, and Azarias: and they stood in the king's presence. [20] And in all matters of wisdom and understanding, that the king inquired of them, he found them ten times better than all the diviners, and wise men, that were in all his kingdom."


So, after the three years of nourishment were finished, Nabuchodonosor then tests and recognizes the wisdom of Daniel. However, in chapter 2, Daniel talks about the second year of the reign of Nabuchodonosor (not the third year) and Daniel then interprets the dream and the king makes him governor over all of the provinces of Babylon.


Daniel 2:1 "In the second year of the reign of Nabuchodonosor, Nabuchodonosor had a dream, and his spirit was terrified, and his dream went out of his mind."


Daniel 2:48 "Then the king advanced Daniel to a high station, and gave him many and great gifts: and he made him governor over all the provinces of Babylon, and chief of the magistrates over all the wise men of Babylon."


Obviously, this had to have happened after the King had first tested the wisdom of Daniel three years earlier. So Nabuchodonosor could not have been king when he came to Jerusalem and besieged it and very likely became king one year later in 605BC.


This is also confirmed by Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II

" Nebuchadnezzar II was the second king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, ruling from the death of his father Nabopolassar in 605 BC to his own death in 562 BC. Historically known as Nebuchadnezzar the Great, he is typically regarded as the empire's greatest king. Nebuchadnezzar remains famous for his military campaigns in the Levant, for his construction projects in his capital, Babylon, and for the important part he played in Jewish history. Ruling for 43 years, Nebuchadnezzar was the longest-reigning king of the Chaldean dynasty. At the time of his death, Nebuchadnezzar was among the most powerful rulers in the world."  


Hence, Nabuchodonosor became king of Babylon in 605 BC, but besieged Jerusalem in 606 BC one year before he became king.


End of side note.


Next, we need to determine the year when the desolation of Jerusalem officially ended, because Daniel specifically mentions that Jerusalem will be in desolation for 70 years.


In the year 539 BC, Cyrus the Great besieged Babylon as indicted in Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great

"Cyrus Cylinder:

One of the few surviving sources of information that can be dated directly to Cyrus's time is the Cyrus Cylinder (Persian: استوانه کوروش), a document in the form of a clay cylinder inscribed in Akkadian cuneiform. It had been placed in the foundations of the Esagila (the temple of Marduk in Babylon) as a foundation deposit following the Persian conquest in 539 BC. It was discovered in 1879 and is kept today in the British Museum in London.[134]  The text of the cylinder denounces the deposed Babylonian king Nabonidus as impious and portrays Cyrus as pleasing to the chief god Marduk. It describes how Cyrus had improved the lives of the citizens of Babylonia, repatriated displaced peoples and restored temples and cult sanctuaries.[135] Although not mentioned specifically in the text, the repatriation of the Jews from their "Babylonian captivity" has been interpreted as part of this general policy.[136]"


From Wikipedia "List of monarchs of Persia"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Persia

"Cyrus the Great, reigned from 559-530 BC"

"Cambyses II, reigned from 530-522 BC"

"Bardiya, 522 BC"

"Darius the Great, 522-486 BC"

"Xerxes I, 485-465 BC"

"Artaxerxes I, 465-424 BC"

"Xerxes II, 424 BC"

"Darius II, 424-404 BC"

"Artaxerxes II, 404-358 BC"

"Artaxerxes III, 358-338 BC"

"Artaxerxes IV, 338-336 BC"

"Darius III, 336-330 BC"

"Artaxerxes V, 330-329 BC"


In the 1st book of Esdras, when they say "In the first year of Cyrus king of the Persians, they mean in the first year he besieged Babylon and became their king in 539 BC

1st book of Esdras:[1] “In the first year of Cyrus king of the Persians, that the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremias might be fulfilled, the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of the Persians: and he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and in writing also, saying: [2] Thus saith Cyrus king of the Persians: The Lord the God of heaven hath given to me all the kingdoms of the earth, and he hath charged me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judea. [3] Who is there among you of all his people? His God be with him. Let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judea, and build the house of the Lord the God of Israel: he is the God that is in Jerusalem.”


It would have taken about a year for the Israelites to assemble and make the 1000-mile journey back to Jerusalem and once they arrived, Jerusalem would still have been in desolation. 


It would have taken at least a year, or two, to remove the desolation in Jerusalem. In fact, the following passages from the Bible implies two years.


2 Paralipomenon (2 Chronicles) 36:21 " That the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremias might be fulfilled, and the land might keep her sabbaths: for all the days of the desolation she kept a sabbath, till the seventy years were expired."


Hence, Jeremias prophecy is linked to keeping the sabbaths in Jerusalem.


1 Esdras (Ezra) 3:6 " From the first day of the seventh month they began to offer holocausts to the Lord: but the temple of God was not yet founded."


In the second year the foundation of the temple of God was completed and they had a great celebration.

"1 Esdras (Ezra) 3:8 "And in the second year of their coming to the temple of God in Jerusalem, the second month, Zorobabel the son of Salathiel, and Josue the son of Josedec, and the rest of their brethren the priests, and the Levites, and all that were come from the captivity to Jerusalem began, and they appointed Levites from twenty years old and upward, to hasten forward the work of the Lord.:


  9 Then Josue and his sons and his brethren, Cedmihel, and his sons, and the children of Juda, as one man, stood to hasten them that did the work in the temple of God: the sons of Henadad, and their sons, and their brethren the Levites.  10 And when the masons laid the foundations of the temple of the Lord, the priests stood in their ornaments with trumpets: and the Levites the sons of Asaph with cymbals, to praise God by the hands of David king of Israel.


 11 And they sung together hymns, and praise to the Lord: because he is good, for his mercy endureth for ever towards Israel. And all the people shouted with a great shout, praising the Lord, because the foundations of the temple of the Lord were laid."


Hence, it is reasonable to assume that it took two years to remove the desolation in Jerusalem and hence the desolation officially ended when the foundation of the temple of the Lord was completed, which was two years after the Israelites arrived in Jerusalem.


If we add these two years to complete the foundation of the temple to the one year it took to assemble and travel the 1000 miles from Babylon to Jerusalem, then this would equal a total of three years. 


Since, Cyrus the Great besieged Babylon in 539 BC, then the end of the desolation of Jerusalem would have occurred three years later in 536 BC.


Hence, the 70-year period of desolation prophesied by Daniel officially ended in the year 536 BC.


We previously determined that the 70-year period of desolation officially began in 606 BC and ended in 536 BC, equaling exactly 70 years, fulfilling Daniels prophecy. 


Daniel 9:2 The first year of his reign, I Daniel understood by books the number of the years, concerning which the word of the Lord came to Jeremias the prophet, that seventy years should be accomplished of the desolation of Jerusalem.  


Let us continue with the prophecy of Daniel, chapter 9.

Prophecy of Daniel 9: [21] “As I was yet speaking in prayer, behold the man Gabriel, whom I had seen in the vision at the beginning, flying swiftly touched me at the time of the evening sacrifice. [22] And he instructed me, and spoke to me, and said: O Daniel, I am now come forth to teach thee, and that thou mightest understand. [23] From the beginning of thy prayers the word came forth: and I am come to shew it to thee, because thou art a man of desires: therefore do thou mark the word, and understand the vision.”


[24]” Seventy weeks are shortened upon thy people, and upon thy holy city, that transgression may be finished, and sin may have an end, and iniquity may be abolished; and everlasting justice may be brought; and vision and prophecy may be fulfilled; and the saint of saints may be anointed. [25] Know thou therefore, and take notice: that from the going forth of the word, to build up Jerusalem again, unto Christ the prince, there shall be seven weeks, and sixty-two weeks: and the street shall be built again, and the walls in straitness of times.”


[26] “And after sixty-two weeks Christ shall be slain...”


Weeks of years is explained in the Book of Leviticus

Book of Leviticus 25:8 "Thou shalt also number to thee seven weeks of years, that is to say, seven times seven, which together make forty-nine years."


Hence, the term “week” in Daniel chapter 9 refers to one week of years or seven years.


So sixty-two weeks is equal to 62 times 7 years, or 434 years, whereas seven weeks is equal to 49 years.


Verse 26 states that after 62 weeks, or 434 years, Christ will be slain. This is referring to the same 62 weeks mention in the previous verse 25. We will verify this soon.


However, the question is, what are the 7 weeks referring to in verse 25? We know that Jesus Christ will return a second time and so it’s reasonable to believe that the 62 and 7 weeks are referring to two different time periods when Jesus comes to mankind and in each case the time period begins after Jerusalem is “built up” again with its walls and streets.


Hence, the first time that Jesus came to mankind was 434 years after Jerusalem's walls and streets were built up again and the second time that Jesus will come to mankind will be 49 years after Jerusalem's walls and streets are again built up.


The first time Jesus came to mankind was on Christmas day around the year 0. So, 434 years before Jesus’s birth would have been during the time of Nehemiah. 


After the first group of Israelites returned from captivity, the temple was eventually rebuilt by Zorobabel as explained in the 1st book of Esdras.


1st Book of Esdras 3:6 " From the first day of the seventh month they began to offer holocausts to the Lord: but the temple of God was not yet founded."


After this, the enemies of Juda, hindered the building of the temple

1st Book of Esdras 4:4 “Then the people of the land hindered the hands of the people of Juda, and troubled them in building. 5 And they hired counsellors against them, to frustrate their design all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until the reign of Darius king of the Persians. 6 And in the reign of Assuerus, in the beginning of his reign, they wrote an accusation against the inhabitants of Juda and Jerusalem."


Foot note from Douay-Rheims on Esdras 4:6: "Assuerus": Otherwise called Cambyses the son and successor of Cyrus. He is also in the following verse named Artaxerxes, a name common to almost all the kings of Persia."

  

From Wikipedia "List of monarchs of Persia"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Persia

"Cyrus the Great, reigned from 559-530 BC"

"Cambyses II, reigned from 530-522 BC"

"Bardiya, 522 BC"

"Darius the Great, 522-486 BC"


So, the work of the house of the Lord ceased in the first year of Assuerus (Cambyses II) in the year 530 BC.


The Israelites were attempting to repair the walls as well.

1st Book of Esdras 4:11 "(This is the copy of the letter, which they sent to him:) To Artaxerxes the king, thy servants, the men that are on this side of the river, send greeting. [12] Be it known to the king, that the Jews, who came up from thee to us, are come to Jerusalem a rebellious and wicked city, which they are building, setting up the ramparts thereof and repairing the walls."


The work on the temple was interrupted until second year of Darius.

1st Book of Esdras (Ezra) 4:24 "Then the work of the house of the Lord in Jerusalem was interrupted, and ceased till the second year of the reign of Darius king of the Persians." 


The work on the temple started back up in the second year of the reign of Darius in the year 520 BC.


The temple of God was finally completed.

1st Book of Esdras (Ezra)  6:15 "And they were finishing this house of God, until the third day of the month of Adar, which was in the sixth year of the reign of king Darius. 16 And the children of Israel, the priests and the Levites, and the rest of the children of the captivity kept the dedication of the house of God with joy. " 


The temple of God was finally completed in 516 BC.


The book of Esther came next.

  

Esther 1:1 “In the days of Assuerus, who reigned from India to Ethiopia over a hundred and twenty-seven provinces:  2 When he sat on the throne of his kingdom, the city Susan was the capital of his kingdom.  3 Now in the third year of his reign he made a great feast for all the princes, and for his servants, for the most mighty of the Persians, and the nobles of the Medes, and the governors of the provinces in his sight,”


The question is who was this Persian king called Assuerus? We have this foot note from the Douay Reims Bible:


1 Esdras (Ezra) 4:6 “And in the reign of Assuerus, in the beginning of his reign, they wrote an accusation against the inhabitants of Juda and Jerusalem”


Foot note in Douay Reims Bible: “[6] "Assuerus": Otherwise called Cambyses the son and successor of Cyrus. He is also in the following verse named Artaxerxes, a name common to almost all the kings of Persia.”


However, Cambyses II reigned from 530-522 BC as explained in Wikipedia "List of monarchs of Persia" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Persia


This was only an eight year reign; however in the book of Esther, they mention the 12th year of king Assuerus.


Esther 3:7 “In the first month (which is called Nisan) in the twelfth year of the reign of Assuerus, the lot was cast into an urn, which in Hebrew is called Phur, before Aman, on what day and what month the nation of the Jews should be destroyed: and there came out the twelfth month, which is called Adar.”


In addition, later in the book of Esther he is referred to as Artaxerxes
Esther 11:2 “In the second year of the reign of Artaxerxes the great…”


Hence, for the book of Esther it is more likely that king Assuerus, was actually Xerxes I who reigned from 485-465 BC, as explained in the following quote from Wikipedia:


Ahasuerus - Wikipedia

“Ahasuerus" is given as the name of a king, the husband of Esther, in the Book of Esther….Numerous scholars have proposed theories as to who Ahasuerus represents. Most scholars generally identify him with Xerxes I, as did 19th-century Bible commentaries. Three factors, among others, contribute to this identification:

1) It is agreed the Hebrew 'Ahasuerus' descended from the Persian names for Xerxes I.


2) Historian Herodotus (a Greek historian 484-425 BC), describes Xerxes I as being susceptible to women and in the habit of making extravagant offers to them, just as he did to Esther ("up to half my kingdom"). Herodotus mentions that the Persian empire stretched from India to Ethiopia and also refers to the magnificent royal palace in Shushan (Susa), corroboration of what is stated in the Book of Esther. In addition Herodotus mentions an assembly of Persian nobles called by Xerxes to advise him on the proposed war against Greece. Although Herodotus does not give the location of this assembly, the date – "after Egypt was subdued" – corresponds to Xerxes' third year when Esther records an assembly of Persian nobility at a feast. (Histories VII.8) Herodotus also mentions that following his defeat at Salamis Xerxes I became involved in harem intrigues involving his wife Amestris and his daughter-in-law, with whom he became enamoured. (Histories IX.108) Herodotus relates this occurred in the tenth month of his seventh year as king – the same time Ahasuerus was choosing beautiful women for his harem (Esther 2:16).


3) Annals from the reign of Xerxes I mention an otherwise unattested official by the name of "Marduka", which some have proposed refers to Mordecai, as both are mentioned serving in the king's court.”


However, Mardochai would have been at least 125 years of age which is unlikely. So perhaps his parents were carried away from Jerusalem instead of him as shown next.


Esther 2:5 “There was a man in the city of Susan, a Jew, named Mardochai, the son of Jair, the son of Semei, the son of Cis, of the race of Jemini, 6 Who had been carried away from Jerusalem at the time that Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon carried away Jechonias king of Juda,  7 And he had brought up his brother's daughter Edissa, who by another name was called Esther: now she had lost both her parents: and was exceeding fair and beautiful.”


Previously we noted that Jechonias also called Joachin (Jeconiah) was taken to Babylon in 598 BC. Xerxes I began his reign in 485 BC. The book of Esther mentions his 12th year reign so this would have been 473 BC. 


Hence if Mardochai was a new born baby when he left Jerusalem, he would have been 598 – 473 = 125 years of age during the book of Esther, which is unlikely. So, perhaps his parents were carried away from Jerusalem.

End of book of Esther


Then the second group of Israelites returned to Jerusalem

1st Book of Esdras (Ezra) 7:6 " This Esdras went up from Babylon, and he was a ready scribe in the law of Moses, which the Lord God had given to Israel: and the king granted him all his request, according to the hand of the Lord his God upon him.  7 And there went up some of the children of Israel, and of the children of the priests, and of the children of the Levites, and of the singing men, and of the porters, and of the Nathinites to Jerusalem in the seventh year of Artaxerxes the king.  8 And they came to Jerusalem in the fifth month, in the seventh year of the king.  9 For upon the first day of the first month he began to go up from Babylon, and on the first day of the fifth month he came to Jerusalem according to the good hand of his God upon him. " 


So, it took 5 months to travel from Babylon to Jerusalem. Artaxerxes I, reigned from 465-424 BC. Hence, 465 - 7 = 458 BC


The second group of Israelites with Esdras returned to Jerusalem in 458 BC.


In the first Book of Esdras, they do mention that the temple was built, and the Israelites were attempting to rebuild the walls, but they never mention that the walls were completed. At the very end of the 1st Book of Esdras, they do mention a fence was built. 

1st Book of Esdras 9:9 " For we are bondmen, and in our bondage our God hath not forsaken us, but hath extended mercy upon us before the king of the Persians, to give us life, and to set up the house of our God, and rebuild the desolations thereof, and to give us a fence in Juda and Jerusalem."


Hence, the temple was rebuilt, but the walls and streets were never completed.


Many years later, the walls were rebuilt. This happened during the reign of king Artaxerxes as explained in the 2nd book of Esdras also known as the book of Nehemiah.

Nehemiah 1:3 “And they said to me: They that have remained, and are left of the captivity there in the province, are in great affliction, and reproach: and the wall of Jerusalem is broken down, and the gates thereof are burnt with fire.”


Since the walls had not been re-built yet, this must be referring back to the year 587 BC when Nebuchadnezzar's commander Nabuzardan had burnt the temple and broke down the walls. 

4 Kings 25:9 "And he burnt the house of the Lord, and the king's house, and the houses of Jerusalem, and every house he burnt with fire.10 And all the army of the Chaldees, which was with the commander of the troops, broke down the walls of Jerusalem round about. " 


In the 20th year of King Artaxerxes I, Nehemiah confronts the king. 

Nehemiah 2:1 "And it came to pass in the month of Nisan, in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king: that wine was before him, and I took up the wine, and gave it to the king: and I was as one languishing away before his face. [2] And the king said to me: Why is thy countenance sad, seeing thou dost not appear to be sick? this is not without cause, but some evil, I know not what, is in thy heart. And I was seized with an exceeding great fear: [3] And I said to the king: O king, live for ever: why should not my countenance be sorrowful, seeing the city of the place of the sepulchres of my fathers is desolate, and the gates thereof are burnt with fire?" 


Artaxerxes I, reigned from 465-424 BC.


So, Nehemiah left for Jerusalem in the year 445 BC.


Then a fixed time was set for Nehemiah to return back to the king.

Nehemiah 2:5 “And I said to the king: If it seem good to the king, and if thy servant hath found favour in thy sight, that thou wouldst send me into Judea to the city of the sepulchre of my father, and I will build it. [6] And the king said to me, and the queen that sat by him: For how long shall thy journey be, and when wilt thou return? And it pleased the king, and he sent me: and I fixed him a time.”


The fixed time was 12 years as explained next.

Nehemiah 5:14“And from the day, in which the king commanded me to be governor in the land of Juda, from the twentieth year even to the two and thirtieth year of Artaxerxes the king, for twelve years, I and my brethren did not eat the yearly allowance that was due to the governors.”


The 32nd year of Artaxerxes I, would have been 433 BC.


Nehemiah and others returned to Jerusalem and built the walls in only 52 days.

Nehemiah 6:15 “But the wall was finished the five and twentieth day of the month of Elul, in two and fifty days.”


However, although the walls were re-built, the houses were not finished as indicated in the next quote and hence the streets and Jerusalem itself had not been rebuilt which is a requirement in the prophecy of Daniel 9:25.

Nehemiah 7:1 “Now after the wall was built, and I had set up the doors, and numbered the porters and singing men, and Levites: [2] I commanded Hanani my brother, and Hananias ruler of the house of Jerusalem, (for he seemed as a sincere man, and one that feared God above the rest,) [3] And I said to them: Let not the gates of Jerusalem be opened till the sun be hot. And while they were yet standing by, the gates were shut, and barred: and I set watchmen of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, every one by their courses, and every man over against his house. [4] And the city was very wide and great, and the people few in the midst thereof, and the houses were not built.”


Finally Jerusalem was rebuilt with its walls and streets and they had a great ceremony for the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem.

Nehemiah 12:27“And at the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem they sought the Levites out of all their places, to bring them to Jerusalem, and to keep the dedication, and to rejoice with thanksgiving, and with singing, and with cymbals, and psalteries and harps.”


Nehemiah had the princes of Juda stand on the walls during the dedication.

Nehemiah 12:31 "And I made the princes of Juda go up upon the wall, and I appointed two great choirs to give praise. And they went on the right hand upon the wall toward the dunghill gate."


Nehemiah took part in the dedication of the walls.

Nehemiah 12:39 "And the two choirs of them that gave praise stood still at the house of God, and I and the half of the magistrates with me." 


After the dedication of the walls, Nehemiah returned to the king in the 32nd year of Artaxerxes.

Nehemiah 13:6 “But in all this time I was not in Jerusalem, because in the two and thirtieth year of Artaxerxes king of Babylon, I went to the king…”


Hence, Nehemiah finished his task of rebuilding Jerusalem with its walls and streets and spent the last year celebrating and then traveled back to king Artaxerxes I and arrived in the 32nd year of his reign in the year 433 BC. 


t took about a year to celebrate and travel back to king Artaxerxes I. Hence, one year before this, was the year 434 BC.


Hence, in the year 434 BC, Jerusalem was re-built (including its walls and streets), fulfilling the prophecy of Daniel 9:25, which stated that once the streets and walls of Jerusalem were re-built, that after 62 weeks of years, (62 x 7 = 434 years) Jesus Christ the Savior of the world would be born.

Jesus Christ to the end of time

Now we will give dates from the time Jesus Christ was born, up to the end of time.


We know Jesus Christ was born right after the 62 weeks of years, because Daniel said, "unto Christ the prince"

Daniel 9:25 "Know thou therefore, and take notice: that from the going forth of the word, to build up Jerusalem again, unto Christ the prince, there shall be seven weeks, and sixty-two weeks: and the street shall be built again, and the walls in straitness of times. [26] And after sixty-two weeks Christ shall be slain: and the people that shall deny him shall not be his."


Notice Daniel does not specify exactly how many years after 62 weeks Jesus will be slain, he just says after 62 weeks. We know Jesus died when he was 33 years old.


Then in the year 70 AD the Roman army captured Jerusalem and destroyed both the city and its Temple. 

Daniel 9:26 "And after sixty-two weeks Christ shall be slain: and the people that shall deny him shall not be his. And a people with their leader that shall come, shall destroy the city and the sanctuary: and the end thereof shall be waste, and after the end of the war the appointed desolation."


The seven weeks that St. Gabriel speaks of in Daniel 9:25 refers to the time when Jesus Christ returns. Israel became a state in 1948, but did not take over Jerusalem until after the 6 day war in 1967. Jerusalem and the streets were rebuilt but there were no walls to rebuild. However, between 1968 - 1977 there was excavation of the Ophel of Jerusalem. 


 QEDEM M. 29. EXCAVATIONS SOUTH OF THE TEMPLE MOUNT: THE OPHEL OF JERUSALEM | IES 

"Excavations in the South of the Temple Mount. The Ophel of Biblical Jerusalem. From 1968 to 1977, large-scale excavations took place in Jerusalem along the southern wall of the Temple Mount and the southern portion of the western wall."


Also, from 1968 to 1978 there was the Temple Mount Excavations in Jerusalem by Benjamin Mazar. This may fulfill the second part of Daniels prophecy "there shall be seven weeks... and the street shall be built again and the walls in straitness of times." 


Hence the streets were built up again and the walls were excavated in straitness of former times. So, if we take seven weeks of years, which is 7 x 7 = 49 and add this to 1977 we arrive at the year 2026 or add this to 1978 we arrive at the year 2027 for the approximate years of the Warning experience. 


It is very possible that the Warning experience may occur around the year 2026 or 2027 or soon after.


Next, Daniel 9:26 states “and after the end of the war the appointed desolation.”


Of course, there have been many wars so when Daniel states, “the war”, it must be the most devastating war ever, probably World War III, which would occur just before the appointed desolation. 


But the next part of the prophecy is very encouraging.

Daniel 9:27 “And he shall confirm the covenant with many, in one week…”


To understand what it means to "confirm the covenant" we read in the Bible:


2 Paralipomenon (2 Chronicles) 15:12 " And he went in to confirm as usual the covenant, that they should seek the Lord the God of their fathers with all their heart, and with all their soul. 13 And if any one, said he, seek not the Lord the God of Israel, let him die, whether little or great, man or woman. 14 And they swore to the Lord with a loud voice with joyful shouting, and with sound of trumpet, and sound of cornets, 15 All that were in Juda with a curse: for with all their heart they swore, and with all their will they sought him, and they found him, and the Lord gave them rest round about."


That’s great news! One week of years is only seven years. So, in only seven years Jesus Christ will confirm His covenant with many, meaning, Jesus Christ will invite everyone into His Catholic Church. 


The seven-year period of conversion mentioned in Daniel 9:27 will probably being around the year 2026 or 2027 or soon after.


Something miraculous is about to take place soon where Jesus Christ will make Himself known to everyone as being the only Savior of the world, giving everyone one last chance to reach heaven before the final desolation of the world. 


This will be a second Pentecost or a Warning from God. Just as the Mother of God found herself gathered together with the Apostles and disciples in the Cenacle of Jerusalem when the miracle of the descent of the Holy Spirit took place, in the same way, in the spiritual cenacle of Mary’s Immaculate Heart the miraculous event of the second Pentecost is about to take place.


We will now finish the prophecy of Daniel, chapter 9.


Daniel 9:27 “And he shall confirm the covenant with many, in one week: and in the half of the week the victim and the sacrifice shall fail: and there shall be in the temple the abomination of desolation: and the desolation shall continue even to the consummation, and to the end.”


Hence, 3 ½ years after the second Pentecost the “the victim and the sacrifice shall fail”. Since in Matthew 24:15, Jesus Christ specifically quoted this part of the prophecy of Daniel to explain a future event, and since we know that Jesus Christ is the Victim, the Sacrificial Lamb, then “the victim and the sacrifice” in the prophecy of Daniel must be referring to the Holy Mass of the Catholic Church. The Holy Mass is the daily Sacrifice, the pure oblation, which is offered to the Lord everywhere, from the rising of the sun to its setting.


Daniel 12:11 “And from the time when the continual sacrifice shall be taken away, and the abomination unto desolation shall be set up, there shall be a thousand two hundred ninety days…”

  

Up until now, we have been talking about the period of time 3 1/2 years after the Warning experience. Now we will consider what will take place immediately after the Second Pentecost, which we will call the first set of 3 1/2 years, where the three beasts will reign as prophesied by Daniel chapter 7.

 

Four beasts 

Daniel 7:3” And four great beasts, different one from another, came up out of the sea.”


We must first determine was "a time" period is.

Daniel 7:12 “And that the power of the other beasts was taken away: and that times of life were appointed them for a time, and a time.”


So, the question is how long is “a time”? We have the answer from,

Daniel 7:25 “And he shall speak words against the High One, and shall crush the saints of the most High: and he shall think himself able to change times and laws, and they shall be delivered into his hand until a time, and times, and half a time. 26 And judgment shall sit, that his power may be taken away, and be broken in pieces, and perish even to the end.  27 And that the kingdom, and power, and the greatness of the kingdom, under the whole heaven, may be given to the people of the saints of the most High: whose kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and all kings shall serve him, and shall obey him.  28 Hitherto is the end of the word.”


Foot note from Douay-Rheims Bible: 25] "A time, and times, and half a time": That is, three years and a half; which is supposed to be the length of the duration of the persecution of Antichrist.

  

This is confirmed by:

Apocalypse 13:5” And there was given to him a mouth speaking great things, and blasphemies: and power was given to him to do two and forty months.”


also by:

Apocalypse 11:2” But the court, which is without the temple, cast out, and measure it not: because it is given unto the Gentiles, and the holy city they shall tread under foot two and forty months:”


And also from Daniel:

Daniel 12:11 “And from the time when the continual sacrifice shall be taken away, and the abomination unto desolation shall be set up, there shall be a thousand two hundred ninety days,”


Hence “a time” is approximately one year. 


We now have our answer. The other three beasts reigned for two years just before the Anti-Christ came on the scene.

Daniel 7:11 “I beheld because of the voice of the great words which that horn spoke: and I saw that the beast was slain, and the body thereof was destroyed, and given to the fire to be burnt:  12 And that the power of the other beasts was taken away: and that times of life were appointed them for a time, and a time.”


We will now explain the four beasts

First Beast (Lioness with wings)

Daniel 7:4 “The first was like a lioness, and had the wings of an eagle: I beheld till her wings were plucked off, and she was lifted up from the earth, and stood upon her feet as a man, and the heart of a man was given to her.”


There are only two countries that used a winged lioness, Persia and Egypt.

Persia had a false god, which was a winged lioness-griffin. An Achaemenid plaque featuring a winged lioness-griffin, dated to between 500 and 330 B.C.E was discovered and is currently( as of 2023 AD) located in the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.

Note: Persia became a Muslim state in 650 AD.


Egypt also had the false god Sekhmet which was depicted with the body of a woman and a lion head, with wings.

  

Hence, the first beast starts out as the Muslim people who will be quickly (wings of an eagle) transported to other countries and then will be be-heading Christians. Eventually, the Muslim people will find it difficult to travel quickly (wings plucked off) and their reign of terror will slow down. Then one man will emerge, an Egyptian Muslim, and will reign as the Anti-Christ. 


Second beast (bear)

Daniel 7:5 “And behold another beast like a bear stood up on one side: and there were three rows in the mouth thereof, and in the teeth thereof, and thus they said to it: Arise, devour much flesh.”


The symbol of the bear represents Russia, and specifically communism. The three rows of teeth represent WWIII. After the brief reign of terror of the Muslims, WWIII will occur and Russia with China will control the world under Communism. Recall that the reign of the first three beasts (which includes this one) will be two years all together.


Third beast (leopard)

Daniel 7:6 “After this I beheld, and lo, another like a leopard, and it had upon it four wings as of a fowl, and the beast had four heads, and power was given to it.”

  

The leopard is freemasonry. The four heads are four empires, which had exercised tyrannical power over the people of God; the Egyptian, Assyrian, Chaldean, and Persian. During David’s time, the Persian was still in control and that is why there were only four heads. 


However, when the Antichrist comes to power, the leopard will have seven heads as explained by St. John the Apostle in the Apocalypse 13:1, where the seven heads represent the Egyptian, Assyrian, Chaldean, Persian, Grecian, Roman, and the Antichrist empire.


After the brief reign of communism, the free mason will also have a brief reign, where they will divide the world into Unions.


Fourth beast (Anti-Christ)

Daniel 7:7 “After this I beheld in the vision of the night, and lo, a fourth beast, terrible and wonderful, and exceeding strong, it had great iron teeth, eating and breaking in pieces, and treading down the rest with its feet: and it was unlike to the other beasts which I had seen before it, and had ten horns.  8 I considered the horns, and behold another little horn sprung out of the midst of them: and three of the first horns were plucked up at the presence thereof: and behold eyes like the eyes of a man were in this horn, and a mouth speaking great things.”


The fourth beast is the Ant-Christ who will be totally possessed by Satan and therefore will have unusual power. The ten horns are the ten regions of the world, which the free masons will hand over to the Anti-Christ, who will kill three of them and become the leader. 


Then after the reign of the three beasts, (3 ½ years after the second Pentecost), the continual sacrifice of the Holy Mass of the Catholic Church shall be suppressed. 


The Catholic Church is about to accept the Protestant doctrine that the Mass is not a sacrifice but only a sacred meal, that is to say, a remembrance of that which Jesus did at his Last Supper. In this abolition of the daily Sacrifice, consists the horrible sacrilege accomplished by the Antichrist which would last 1290, days or about 3 ½ years as quoted from Daniel 12:11.


If we assume the Warning occurs in September or October of 2027, this will bring us to 2027 + 7 = 2034. However, the times will be shortened by the earth rotating 3 times faster during the reign of the Antichrist and Antipope of 1,290 days as explained in the Apocalypse page.


Apocalypse 8:12 "And the fourth angel sounded the trumpet, and the third part of the sun was smitten, and the third part of the moon, and the third part of the stars, so that the third part of them was darkened, and the day did not shine for a third part of it, and the night in like manner."


Assuming this occurs day after day, in order for the day to not shine for a third part of it and the night's moon to not shine for a third part of it, the earth would have to speed up by three times.


Hence, the 7-year period is measured by the rotations of the earth, and this will actually be about 3 1/2 years or a little less like 3 years, when measured by a clock as explained in more detail on the Apocalypse page.


Hence, the end of the reign of the Antichrist and Antipope will actually be approximately around the year 2030 as measured by a clock. Then there is 1000 years of peace as mentioned in the Apocalypse 20:6:


Apocalypse 20:6 "Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection. In these the second death hath no power; but they shall be priests of God and of Christ; and shall reign with him a thousand years."


So, the thousand years of peace will end approximately in the year 3030 as measured by a clock.


Then we will assume there is 3 years of battle.


Apocalypse 20:7 " And when the thousand years shall be finished, Satan shall be loosed out of his prison, and shall go forth, and seduce the nations, which are over the four quarters of the earth, Gog, and Magog, and shall gather them together to battle, the number of whom is as the sand of the sea.  8 And they came upon the breadth of the earth, and encompassed the camp of the saints, and the beloved city. 9 And there came down fire from God out of heaven, and devoured them; and the devil, who seduced them, was cast into the pool of fire and brimstone, where both the beast 10 10 And the false prophet shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever."


So, the final end of the world will be approximately in the year 3033 AD.


Apocalypse 20:11 "And I saw a great white throne, and one sitting upon it, from whose face the earth and heaven fled away, and there was no place found for them.  12 And I saw the dead, great and small, standing in the presence of the throne, and the books were opened; and another book was opened, which is the book of life; and the dead were judged by those things which were written in the books, according to their works."


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